PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Sabbagh, Abdulrahman J. AU - Alaqeel, Ahmed M. TI - Focal brainstem gliomas AID - 10.17712/nsj.2015.2.20140621 DP - 2015 Apr 01 TA - Neurosciences Journal PG - 98--106 VI - 20 IP - 2 4099 - http://nsj.org.sa/content/20/2/98.short 4100 - http://nsj.org.sa/content/20/2/98.full SO - Neurosciences (Riyadh)2015 Apr 01; 20 AB - Improved neuronavigation guidance as well as intraoperative imaging and neurophysiologic monitoring technologies have enhanced the ability of neurosurgeons to resect focal brainstem gliomas. In contrast, diffuse brainstem gliomas are considered to be inoperable lesions. This article is a continuation of an article that discussed brainstem glioma diagnostics, imaging, and classification. Here, we address open surgical treatment of and approaches to focal, dorsally exophytic, and cervicomedullary brainstem gliomas. Intraoperative neuronavigation, intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring, as well as intraoperative imaging are discussed as adjunctive measures to help render these procedures safer, more acute, and closer to achieving surgical goals.