PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Abdulrahman J. Sabbagh
AU  - Ahmed M. Alaqeel
TI  - Focal brainstem gliomas
AID  - 10.17712/nsj.2015.2.20140621
DP  - 2015 Apr 01
TA  - Neurosciences Journal
PG  - 98--106
VI  - 20
IP  - 2
4099  - http://nsj.org.sa/content/20/2/98.short
4100  - http://nsj.org.sa/content/20/2/98.full
SO  - Neurosciences (Riyadh)2015 Apr 01; 20
AB  - Improved neuronavigation guidance as well as intraoperative imaging and neurophysiologic monitoring technologies have enhanced the ability of neurosurgeons to resect focal brainstem gliomas. In contrast, diffuse brainstem gliomas are considered to be inoperable lesions. This article is a continuation of an article that discussed brainstem glioma diagnostics, imaging, and classification. Here, we address open surgical treatment of and approaches to focal, dorsally exophytic, and cervicomedullary brainstem gliomas. Intraoperative neuronavigation, intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring, as well as intraoperative imaging are discussed as adjunctive measures to help render these procedures safer, more acute, and closer to achieving surgical goals.