<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><xml><records><record><source-app name="HighWire" version="7.x">Drupal-HighWire</source-app><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamzehloo, Ali</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mousavi, Seid A.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contrast transcranial Doppler compared to transesophageal echocardiography in detection of right-to-left shunt</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neurosciences Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006-07-01 00:00:00</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">167-170</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><abstract><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBJECTIVE: To assess contrast transcranial Doppler (TCD) for detection of right-to-left shunt (RLSh).METHODS: We studied 30 patients aged between 25-45 years admitted to Al-Zahra Hospital, affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, between May 2003 and May 2005. All patients underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) with contrast and contrast TCD.RESULTS: Eleven (36.6%) patients had RLSh detected by TEE with contrast, and 19 (63.3%) patients had no shunt by TEE. Eighteen patients (60%) patients had no RLSh by contrast TCD, and 12 (40%) patients had RLSh by contrast TCD. Ten (33.3%) patients had RLSh by contrast TCD and TEE with contrast procedures. One patient had RLSh by TEE, and it was negative on TCD test, and 2 patients were positive on TCD test and negative in TEE. With contrast TEE as the gold standard, the sensitivity of contrast TCD was 90.9% and specificity was 89.4%, with an accuracy of 90%. Meanwhile, the positive predictive value of contrast TCD was 83.3% and the negative predictive value was 94.4%.CONCLUSION: In our study, the negative predictive value of contrast TCD was excellent. Therefore, this examination is able to exclude RLSh with a high level of confidence.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>