Basic characteristics of cases and control subjects.
| Characteristics | Cases (N=87) | Controls (N=174) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | |||
| Gender | |||
| Male | 65 (74.71) | 129 (74.14) | 0.920 |
| Female | 22 (25.29) | 45 (25.86) | |
| Maternal age | |||
| <30 | 55 (63.22) | 120 (68.97) | 0.352 |
| ≥30 | 32 (36.78) | 54 (31.03) | |
| Paternal age | |||
| <30 | 24 (27.59) | 59 (33.91) | 0.301 |
| ≥30 | 63 (72.41) | 115 (66.09) | |
| Father’s education | |||
| ≤9 | 17 (19.54) | 41 (23.56) | 0.356 |
| 10-12 | 27 (31.03) | 40 (22.99) | |
| ≥13 | 43 (49.43) | 93 (53.45) | |
| Mother’s education | |||
| ≤9 | 39 (44.83) | 57 (32.76) | 0.161 |
| 10-12 | 19 (21.84) | 45 (25.86) | |
| ≥13 | 29 (33.33) | 72 (41.38) | |
| Family’s income (SR) | |||
| <6000 | 39 (44.83) | 75 (43.10) | 0.795 |
| 6000-10000 | 34 (39.08) | 65 (37.36) | |
| >10000 | 14 (16.09) | 34 (19.54) | |
| Parity (previous births) | |||
| 0 | 28 (32.18) | 56 (32.18) | 0.163 |
| 1 | 13 (14.94) | 46 (26.44) | |
| 2 | 14 (16.09) | 23 (13.22) | |
| ≥3 | 32 (36.78) | 49 (28.16) | |
| Maternal smoking | |||
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - |
| No | 87 (100) | 174 (100) | |
| Maternal DM | |||
| Yes | 4 (4.65) | 9 (5.17) | 0.856 |
| No | 82 (95.35) | 165 (94.83) | |
| Maternal HTN | |||
| Yes | 10 (11.63) | 8 (4.60) | 0.036 |
| No | 76 (88.37) | 166 (95.40) | |
| Cesarean Section | |||
| Yes | 34 (39.08) | 36 (20.69) | 0.002 |
| No | 53 (60.92) | 138 (79.31) | |
SR - Saudi Riyals, DM - Diabetes mellitus, HTN - Hypertension