Table 1

Baseline demographic information of 4 older adults with chronic stroke who received proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation.

Case	1	2	3	4
Age	65	62	63	69
Gender	Male	Male	Female	Female
Duration post-stroke	18 years	1 year	0.75 year	9 years
Side of hemiparesis	Right	Left	Right	Right
Level of assistance/function	Walks using quad cane without assistance	Uses a wheelchair propelled by caregiver; walks over short distances at home with quad cane and contact guarding	Walks with quad cane with close guarding from caregiver	Uses a wheelchair propelled by caregiver; walks over short distances at home with quad cane, ankle-foot orthosis, and contact guarding
History of falls	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Co-morbid conditions	Hypertension Type II diabetes COPD Prostate enlargement	Hypertension	Hypertension Type II diabetes	Hypertension COPD Osteoarthritis
Therapy goal	Improve endurance adversely affected by limited physical activity and COPD Prevent falls	Improve indoor ambulation Prevent falls	Improve indoor and community ambulation Prevent falls	Improve indoor ambulation Prevent falls
Other findings	(+) spasticity, ankle muscles (+) impaired tactile sensation NS proprioception NS cognition	NS muscle tone NS sensation NS cognition	NS muscle tone NS sensation NS cognition	(+) impaired tactile sensation and proprioception (+) history of musculoskeletal injury to right foot NS muscle tone NS cognition

COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, NS – non-significant/normal finding