Summary of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation interventions and progressions of exercises received by four cases of older adults with chronic stroke.
| Case | Interventions | Progression |
|---|---|---|
| Case 1 | Pelvic anterior elevation and posterior depression LE flexion-adduction with knee flexion LE extension-abduction with knee extension Rolling from supine to side lying Pelvic bridging Stabilizing reversals in standing One leg stance Resisted forward walking | RI to DR RI to DR RI to DR Start in side lying progressed to start in supine Bridging on two legs to bridging on one leg Increase in repetitions and duration Increase in repetitions and duration Increase in repetitions and duration |
| Case 2 | Pelvic anterior elevation and posterior depression LE flexion-adduction with knee flexion LE extension-abduction with knee extension Pelvic bridging Stabilizing reversals in sitting and standing Resisted forward walking Walking sidewards | RI to DR RI to DR RI to DR Bridging on two legs to bridging on one leg Increase in repetitions and duration; SR to COI Increase in repetitions and duration Increase in repetitions and duration |
| Case 3 | Pelvic anterior elevation and posterior depression LE flexion-adduction with knee flexion LE extension-abduction with knee extension Pelvic bridging Stabilizing reversals in sitting and standing One leg stance Resisted forward walking Resisted backward walking Walking sideward Tandem walking Braiding | RI to DR RI to DR RI to DR Bridging on two legs to bridging on one leg Increase in repetitions and duration; SR to COI Increase in repetitions and duration Increase in repetitions and duration Increase in repetitions and duration Increase in repetitions and duration Increase in repetitions and duration Increase in repetitions and duration |
| Case 4 | Pelvic anterior elevation and posterior depression LE flexion-adduction with knee flexion LE extension-abduction with knee extension LE flexion-abduction with knee flexion Pelvic bridging Stabilizing reversals in sitting and standing One leg stance Resisted forward walking Walking sideward | RI; discontinued due to difficulty RI to DR RI to DR RI to DR Bridging on two legs to bridging on one leg Increase in repetitions and duration; SR to COI Increase in repetitions and duration Increase in repetitions and duration Increase in repetitions and duration |
COI – combination of isotonics; DR – dynamic reversal; LE – lower extremity; PNF – Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation; RI – rhythmic initiation; SR – stabilizing reversal