Table 2

Meta-analysis of cerebrospinal fluid Visinin-like protein 1 levels in AD patients relative to healthy controls and MCI patients.

Factors	Number of groups	weighted std.MD			Heterogeneity
Factors	Number of groups	Effect size	95% CI	p-value	I²(%)	p-value
VLP-1	10	0.81	0.47,1.16	<0.00001	84	0.00001
Ab₄₂	10	-0.97	-1.34,-0.60	<0.00001	74	0.00001
T-tau	10	1.22	0.80,1.65	<0.00001	88	0.00001
P-tau	10	1.23	0.86,1.59	<0.00001	83	0.00001
MMSE scores	10	-1.94	-2.34,-1.53	<0.00001	85	0.00001
Age	8	0.37	-0.07,0.81	0.10	90	0.00001

Std.MD - standard mean differences, CSF - cerebrospinal fluid, Aβ₄₂-amyloid beta42, T-tau - total tau, P-tau - phosphorylated tau, MMSE - mean mini-mental state examination scores, and mean age in alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients comparing with those in healthy controls and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients were calculated by inverse variance weighted model in turns