Table 1

Literature review of cases of complete extrusion of the distal end of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter in the last 20 years.

References	Cases (n)	Extrusion type	Extrusion site	Age at presentation (yrs)	Post-insertion duration (yrs)
Nourisamie et al,10 2001	1	Intact	Left thigh	<1 (10 mo)	<1 (2 mo)
Pandey et al,11 2003	1	Intact	Left posterior auricular region	10.5	<1 (6 mo)
Schulz and Labram,12 2006	1	Intact	Epigastric region	26	14
Kanojia et al,2 2008	4	Intact	Right lumbar region	<1 (3-6 mo)	<1 (1-3 mo)
		Intact	Cervical region
		Intact	Cervical region
		Weakness	Umbilical region
Borkar et al,5 2008	1	Intact	Right anterior chest wall	14	3
Vural et al,13 2008	1	Intact	Sacrococcygeal region	<1 (7 mo)	<1 (7 mo)
Birbilis et al,8 2009	1	Intact	Left paraumbilical region	33	1
Silva Neto et al,9 2011	1	Intact	Right posterior abdominal wall	5	5
Dağtekin et al,14 2011	1	Intact	Umbilical region	2	1.7
Panigrahi et al,15 2012	2	Intact	Epigastrium	<1 (7 mo)	<1 (3 mo)
Panigrahi et al,15 2012	2	Intact	Epigastrium	14	8
Oktay et al,16 2015	1	Intact	Right lumbar region	1	1
Rehm et al,17 1997	1	Weakness	Scrotum	46	4
Esposito et al,18 1998	1	Weakness	Umbilicus	14	N/A
Wani et al,19 2002	1	Weakness	Umbilicus	1.5	<1 (6 mo)
Silav et al,20 2002	1	Weakness	Umbilicus	N/A	N/A
Chan et al,21 2003	1	Weakness	Left lumbar wound scar	70	6
de Aquino et al,22 2006	1	Weakness	Umbilicus	1.6	N/A
Eser et al,23 2006	1	Weakness	Umbilicus	<1 (3 mo)	<1 (3 mo)
Kella et al,24 2008	1	Weakness	Umbilicus	1.5	1.4
Kumar et al,6 2010	1	Weakness	Umbilicus	<1 (3 mo)	<1 (3 mo)
De Jong et al,7 2011	1	Weakness	Umbilicus	38	38
Ghritlaharey et al,25 2012	4	Weakness	Neck wound scar	<12	1.4
		Weakness	Anterior chest wall wound scar		2
		Weakness	Upper right abdomen wound scar		<1 (2 mo)
		Weakness	Umbilicus		<1 (3 mo)
Aras et al,26 2013	1	Weakness	Posterior abdominal wall wound scar	1.8	<1 (8 mo)
Fleissig et al,27 2013	1	Weakness	Umbilicus	82	2.3

N/A - not available, yrs - years, mo – months