- Characteristics of the included studies.
| No | Source(Author/Year/Country) | Designs | Setting | Sample size,No. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | END | Non-END | ||||
| 1 | Boulenoir et al14 2020, France | Retrospective | Multicenter | 74 | 22 | 52 |
| 2 | Che et al15 2020, China | Retrospective | Multicenter | 1107 | 81 | 1026 |
| 3 | Huang et al16 2018, China | Retrospective | Single center | 272 | END(Identified causes) 14 Unexplained END 15 | 243 |
| 4 | Tanaka et al17 2020, Japan | Retrospective | Single center | 744 | ENDh 22 ENDi 57 | 665 |
| 5 | Li et al18 2019, China | Retrospective | Single center | 139 | 25 | 114 |
| 6 | Li et al19 2021, China | Retrospective | Single center | 118 | 28 | 90 |
| 7 | Liu et al20 2021, China | Retrospective | Single center | 212 | 71 | 141 |
| 8 | Mori et al21 2012, Japan | Retrospective | Multicenter | 566 | 56 | 510 |
| 9 | Yu et al10 2020,United Kingdom | Retrospective | Multicenter | 50726 | 3415 | 47311 |
| 10 | Seners et al22 2021, France | Retrospective | Multicenter | 729 | ENDh 8 ENDi 88 | 633 |
| 11 | Seners et al23 2014, France | Retrospective | Single center | 309 | END(Identified causes) 10 Unexplained END 23 | 276 |
| 12 | Seners et al24 2017, France | Retrospective | Single center | 120 | 22 | 98 |
| 13 | Shah et al5 2022, USA | Retrospective | Multicenter | 1238 | 91 | 1147 |
| 14 | Simonsen et al25 2016, Denmark | Prospective | Single center | 569 | ENDh 7 ENDi 26 | 536 |
| 15 | Wang et al26 2022, China | Retrospective | Single center | 798 | 139 | 659 |
| 16 | Cui et al9 2022, China | Retrospective | Multicenter | 1194 | END(ACS) 36 END(PCS) 13 | END(ACS) 906 END(PCS) 239 |
| No. | Source(Author/Year/Country) | Age, year, median(IQR) or mean±SD | Gender(male), No.(%) | Quality score | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | END | Non-END | Total | END | Non-END | |||
| 1 | Boulenoir et al142020, France | 64±10 | 62 (54-71) | 64 (54-74) | — | 16 (73) | 40 (77) | 8 |
| 2 | Che et al15 2020, China | 63.42±11.33 | 64.47±9.34 | 63.34±11.48 | 673(60.79) | 49(60.49) | 624(60.82) | 8 |
| 3 | Huang et al16 2018, China | 64.98±10.65 | END(Identified causes) — Unexplained END 72.93±6.82 | 64.41±10.73 | 156(60.47) | END(Identified causes) — Unexplained END 7 (46.7) | 149 (61.3) | 8 |
| 4 | Tanaka et al17 2020, Japan | 75 (66-82) | ENDh 78 (67-87.25) ENDi 75 (64-81) | 75 (66-82) | 452 (60.8) | ENDh 16 (72.7) ENDi 30 (52.6) | 406 (61.1) | 8 |
| 5 | Li et al18 2019, China | 66±12 | 60±9 | 63±13 | 116(83.45) | 21(84.0) | 95(83.3) | 8 |
| 6 | Li et al19 2021, China | 65.3±8.7 | 66.9±6.5 | 64.8±5.7 | 69(76.67) | 16(57.1) | 53(58.9) | 8 |
| 7 | Liu et al20 2021, China | 59.43±19.77 | ≥60(years) 43 <60(years) 28 | ≥60(years) 64 <60(years) 77 | 113(53.3) | 39 | 74 | 8 |
| 8 | Mori et al21 2012, Japan | 72.0±11.6 | 71.5±9.3 | 72.0±11.9 | 355(62.72) | 38(67.85) | 317(62.16) | 8 |
| 9 | Yu et al10 2020, United Kingdom | 73(64.5–81.5) | 76 (69–83) | 72 (63-81) | — | 2077 (60.8) | 27194 (57.4) | 8 |
| 10 | Seners et al22 2021, France | 70±15 | ENDh — ENDi 69±15 | 70±15 | 335 (46.0) | ENDh — ENDi 50 (57) | 282 (44.5) | 8 |
| 11 | Seners et al23 2014, France | 69.1±14.6 | END(Identified causes) — Unexplained END 73.1±12.6 | 68.6±14.7 | 164 (53) | END(Identified causes) — Unexplained END 11 (48) | 150 (54) | 8 |
| 12 | Seners et al24 2017, France | 69.4±15.3 | 75.7±11.4 | 68.0±15.8 | 56 (47) | 8 (36) | 48 (49) | 8 |
| 13 | Shah et al5 2022, USA | 69.5±14.9 | 72±16 | 69±15 | 631(51) | 50(55) | 585(51) | 8 |
| 14 | Simonsen et al25 2016, Denmark | — | ENDh 73 (60.5–80.75) ENDi 66 (61–74) | 66 (57–74) | — | ENDh 2 (57) ENDi 18 (69) | 329 (61) | 8 |
| 15 | Wang et al26 2022, China | 67 (11.4) | 69 (12.5) | 66 (11.1) | 512 (64.2) | 93 (66.9) | 419 (63.6) | 8 |
| 16 | Cui et al9 2022, China | END(ACS) 64 (56–72) END(PCS) 62 (55–70) | END(ACS) 63 (54–69) END(PCS) 66 (53–73) | END(ACS) 64 (56–72) END(PCS) 62 (55–70) | END(ACS) 640 (67.9) END(PCS) 164 (65.1) | END(ACS) 25 (69.4)END(PCS) 10 (76.9) | END(ACS) 615 (67.9)END(PCS) 154 (64.4) | 8 |
END - early neurological deterioration. Unexplained END and END without definite cause. ENDh - early neurological deterioration of presumed hemorrhagic origin. ENDi - Early neurological deterioration of presumed ischemic origin. END (ACS) - END in anterior circulation stroke (ACS) group. END (PCS) - END in posterior circulation stroke (PCS) group