Table 1

- Characteristics of participants.

  Ability to early identify and manage CES (%)P-valuea
CharacteristicsAll participants (N=401)“Proficient ability” (N=52)“Good ability” (N=203)“Fair ability” (N=108)“Poor ability” (N=38) 
Age, years (mean (SD))29.5 (5.5)29.9 (5.7)29.6 (5.9)29.3 (5.2)29.3 (4.6)0.945 b
Gender (N (%))     0.243
Male187 (46.6)36.5%46.3%48.1%57.9% 
Female214 (53.4)63.5%53.7%51.9%42.1% 
Highest Academic Education Qualification (N (%))   0.006
Internship year7 (1.7)0.0%2.5%1.9%0.0% 
Diploma degree13 (3.2)3.8%1.5%4.6%7.9% 
Bachelor’s degree307 (76.6)63.5%75.9%79.6%89.5% 
Master’s degree64 (16.0)30.8%18.2%9.3%2.6% 
PhD degree10 (2.5)1.9%2.0%4.6%0.0% 
Years of practice (N (%))     0.385
Less than 1 year88 (21.9)23.125.115.721.1 
From 1 to 5 years170 (42.4)42.337.951.939.5 
From 6 to 10 years69 (17.2)11.519.715.715.8 
More than 10 years74 (18.5)23.117.216.723.7 

CES - cauda equina syndrome; N- number of participants; SD - standard deviation.

  • a P-value was assessed using chi square, unless otherwise stated.

  • b P-value was assessed using One-way ANOVA.