- Reported etiologies of EPC.
| Category | Examples |
|---|---|
| Structural abnormalities | Migrational developmental disorders: FCD, heterotopia, TSC |
| Brain tumors | Gliomas and meningiomas |
| Vascular | Stroke, CSVT, vascular malformations, hemorrhage |
| Trauma | Traumatic brain injury |
| Infections | Meningitis, neurocysticercosis, HIV. HSV, COVID19, tick-borne encephalitis. |
| Inflammation | Rasmussen’s encephalitis, autoimmune encephalitis (NMDA, LGI1), SSPE, MS, anti-MOG antibodies, anti ANNA-1/anti-Hu antibodies |
| Metabolic | NKH, urea cycle disorders, mitochondrial disorders (MELAS, MERRF, Leigh disease), Menkes disease |
| Genetic | KCNA2, SCN1A, ADCK3 genes |
| Electrolytes | Diabetic ketoacidosis, hyponatremia |