- Cases of bilateral femoral neuropathy associated with bilateral Iliopsoas, psoas, or iliacus hematomas reported in the literature*
| Author et al./ year | Gender/ age | Background of the case | Hematoma location and size | Timing of hematoma |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Macauley P et al./ 20172 | F/64 yr | PE and DVT on enoxaparin; history of hypertension, type 2 DM, and COPD | Bilateral psoas hematomas larger on the Rt, without extravasation | Day 10 of admission for PE/ DVT |
| Basheer A et al./ 20131 | F/63 yr | PE on IV heparin and a single dose of clopidogrel, followed next day by warfarin with heparin bridging | Large, bilateral iliopsoas muscle hematomas | Day 7 of presentation with PE |
| Wada Y, Yanagihara C, and Nishimura Y/ 20055 | F/85 yr | TIA on heparin infusion and warfarin; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | Bilateral iliopsoas hematomas larger on the Rt with seeping of the contrast material into the hematomas | After 3 days of heparin and warfarin treatment |
| Jamjoom ZA et al./ 19936 | F/19 yr | DVT on heparin, with warfarin added 10 days later; history of estrogen and progesterone therapy for menstrual disturbances | Two large hematomas in both iliacus muscles; Sizes on US: Lt 19 x 62 mm, Rt 27 x 65 mm | After 3 wk of warfarin treatment |
| Chevalier X and Larget-Piet B/ 19927 | F/75 yr | Myocardial ischemia on heparin; history of MI | Giant hematoma of Lt psoas muscle and blood collection in Rt psoas muscle | N/A |
| Niakan E et al./ 19918 | M/54 yr | Acute PE secondary to DVT on heparin and warfarin | Bilateral iliopsoas hematoma; Rt larger than Lt. | N/A |
| Barontini F and Macucci M/ 19869 | M/65 yr | Previous MI on antiaggregant therapy (Teklid) and anticoagulant (Calciparina); history of gastrectomy and operation for L4-L5 disc hernia | Small hemorrhagic areas of both iliac muscles | More than 2.5 yr after starting Teklid and 3 mon after starting Calciparina |
| Storen EJ/ 197810 | F/50 yr | DVT on heparin infusion, with warfarin added after 3 days | Bilateral iliacus hematoma | 5 days after starting heparin |
↵* The mechanism of hematoma in all cases was anticoagulation. N/A: not available; F: female; M: male, yr: year; wk: week; mon: month; Rt: right; Lt: left; PE: pulmonary embolism; DVT: deep vein thrombosis; DM: diabetes mellitus; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IV: intravenous; TIA: transient ischemic attack; MI: myocardial infarction; US: ultrasound; MCV: motor conduction velocity; TAE: transcatheter arterial embolization