Table 1

Subject characteristics among patients on National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) and those paying out of pocket (OOP). N=170

Variables	OOP n=122		NHIS n=48		Total	χ²	df	P-value
Variables	n	(%)	n	(%)	Total	χ²	df	P-value
*Age in years*
<40	9	81.8	2	18.2	11
40 – 49	14	73.7	5	26.3	19	1.007	4	0.909
50 – 59	29	69.0	13	31.0	42
60 – 69	31	68.9	14	31.1	45
≥70	39	73.6	14	26.4	53
*Gender*
Male	62	70.5	26	29.5	88	0.155	1	0.694
Female	60	73.2	22	26.8	82
*Estimated monthly income in US dollars*
<100.00	87	74.4	30	25.6	117	1.889	2	0.389
100.00 - 200.00	25	69.4	11	30.6	36
>200.00	10	58.8	7	41.2	17
*Time to presentation in hours*
<6	21	75.0	7	25.0	28	1.778	3	0.620
6 - 24	38	69.1	17	30.9	55
25 - 72	30	78.9	8	21.1	38
>72	33	67.3	16	32.7	49
Type of stroke
Ischemic	71	69.6	31	30.4	102	0.585	1	0.278
Hemorrhagic	51	75.0	17	25.0	68
Number of risk factors*
1	39	70.9	16	29.1	55	0.041	3	0.998
2	36	72.0	14	28.0	50
3	36	72.0	14	28.0	50
≥4	11	73.3	4	26.7	15
*Duration of hospital stay in days*
≤7	39	78.0	11	22.0	50	6.296	3	0.098
8-14	44	69.8	19	30.2	63
15-21	21	58.3	15	41.7	36
>21	18	85.7	3	14.3	21
*Outcome*
Dead	18	75.0	6	25.0	24	2.272	2	0.321
Discharged	103	70.5	43	29.5	146

χ² - chi square test statistic, OOP - out of pocket, NHIS - national health insurance scheme, *Risk factors evaluated include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, obesity, alcohol consumption, and smoking.