Major congenital malformation rates (mentioned between parenthesis) with common AED monotherapies during pregnancy, compared with unexposed pregnancies, from different registries around the world.
| Registry / Study | Healthyσ | WWEσ | CBZ | LTG | LVT | VPA | TPM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (MCM rate in percentage) | |||||||
| Pregnancy registry of South India / Thomas et al 201719 | 319 (3.45) | 252 (5.56) | 389 (5.40) | 38 (2.63) | 30 (3.33) | 268 (8.96)¥ | - |
| North American AED pregnancy registry /Hernandez et al 201220 | 442 (1.1) | - | 1033 (3.0) | 1562 (2.0) | 450 (2.4) | 323 (9.3)¥ | 359 (4.2)¥ |
| Australian pregnancy registry / Vajda et al 201421 | - | 153 (3.3)* | 346 (5.5) | 307 (4.6) | 82 (2.4) | 253 (13.8)¥ | 42 (2.4) |
| Medical birth registry of Norway / Veiby et al 201422, € | 771,412 (2.9) | 3773 (2.8) | 685 (2.9) | 833 (3.4) | 118 (1.7) | 333(6.3)¥ | 48 (4.2) |
| UK epilepsy and pregnancy register / Campbell et al 201423, β | - | - | 1718 (2.6) | 2198 (2.3) | - | 1290 (6.7) | - |
| EURAP epilepsy and pregnancy registry / Tomson et al 201124, β | - | - | 148 (1.3) | 836 (1.7) | - | 431 (4.2) | - |
WWE - Women with Epilepsy, CBZ - Carbamazepine, LTG - Lamotrigine, LVT - Levetiracetam, VPA - Valproic Acid, TPM - Topiramate,
↵σ Pregnant women who were not exposed to AED (during the first trimester in case of WWE), n - total number of pregnancies and / or fetuses, either exposed or not exposed (healthy and WWE columns) to AED, from which the MCM rate was determined.
↵¥ Significant values, where RR or OR was calculated between exposed and unexposed groups,
↵* women who were not healthy, because of epilepsy or other diseases that required AED use, but did not use them during the first trimester,
↵€ odds ratio was calculated instead of RR,
↵β no unexposed reference group for comparison, the study compares effect of dose among individual AEDs, and the MCM rate shown in the table is with the lowest dose