Uterine leiomyomas affect 20%–30% of women older than 35 years. Extrauterine leiomyomas
are rarer, and they present a greater diagnostic challenge: These histologically benign …

The mechanisms controlling axon guidance are of fundamental importance in understanding
brain development. Growing corticospinal and somatosensory axons cross the midline in …

This article reviews intraoperative transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) motor evoked
potential (MEP) monitoring safety based on comparison with other clinical and experimental …

Amidst controversy about methodology and safety, intraoperative neurophysiology has
entered a new era of increasingly routine transcranial and direct electrical brain stimulation for …

Objective: To address the limitations of standard electromyography (EMG) facial nerve
monitoring techniques by exploring the novel application of multi-pulse transcranial electrical …

Frailty is a multidimensional syndrome characterized by decreased reserve and diminished
resistance to stressors. People with frailty are vulnerable to stressors, and exposure to the …

… Address reprint requests to David B. MacDonald, MD, Department of Neurosciences, King
Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC 76, PO Box 3354, 11211 Riyadh, Saudi …

In his seminal account of European colonization in North America, Richard Drinnon argues
that “societies are known by their victims”(1980: xii). For Drinnon, as for many who …

Intraoperative somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) provide dorsal somatosensory system
functional and localizing information, and complement motor evoked potentials. Correct …

Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) are electrical signals recorded from neural tissue or muscle
after activation of central motor pathways. They complement other clinical neurophysiology …