Background: Preoperative anxiety is associated with adverse clinical, behavioral, and
psychological outcomes. Various effective interventions targeting preoperative anxiety in children …

Background Endotracheal suctioning (ETS) is a common procedure in intubated patients for
the clearance of secretions and improvement of oxygenation. Objectives Owing to the …

Background: Caudal anaesthesia is recommended for most surgical procedures of the
lower part of the body, mainly below the umbilicus. It has been well established that a dorsal …

Background: Inguinal hernia is a common disease in preterm infants necessitating surgical
repair. Despite the increased risk of postoperative apnea in preterm infants, the procedure …

Background There is a controversy over using either smaller‐ or larger‐size endotracheal
tubes ( ETT ) in children undergoing cardiac surgery, and some anesthesiologists prefer to …

Background Pain control after surgery in children is very important. Despite having good
analgesic effects, the use of opioids is, however, limited due to side effects. Objectives This …

Background: Inhalant anesthesia is one of the mainstays of pediatric anesthesia, and it is
considered by the majority of pediatric anesthetists worldwide as the gold standard. On the …

Purpose: To compare two different doses of propofol for laryngeal mask airway (LMA)
insertion in children undergoing out-patient surgeries. Background: Insertion of LMA just after …

Background: We compared the analgesic effects of caudal and ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric
nerve block using bupivacaine-clonidine performed in children undergoing inguinal hernia …

Nasal ala pressure sores are among complications of nasogastric tube in Pediatric Intensive
Care Unit (PICU). The severity of the injury is usually minor and easily ignored. However, …