A radical drug treatment for bipolar affective disorder (BD) is currently unavailable. This is
attributed to the fact that the precise pathophysiology of this ailment is unclear though a …

Introduction Drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) and tardive dyskinesia (TD) are stigmatizing
movement disorders associated with exposure to dopamine receptor blocking agents such …

Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) catalyze the conversion of ATP to the ubiquitous second
messenger cAMP. Mammals possess nine isoforms of transmembrane ACs, dubbed AC1–9 …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that presents with
cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbance. Approximately 5.5 million people in the …

Among neurological adverse reactions in patients with schizophrenia treated with
antipsychotics (APs), drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) is the most common motility disorder …

Paroxonase 1 displays multiple physiological activities that position it as a putative player in
the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Here we reviewed the literature focusing on the …

Objectives: Outline the types of drugs known to cause EPS. Differentiate the types of EPS
symptoms. Summarize the treatment of EPS. Review the importance of improving care …

Background: Various studies suggest a comorbid association between Alzheimer's disease
(AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) indicating that there could be shared underlying …

Background: Both drug-induced Parkinsonism (DIP) and tardive dyskinesia (TD) have been
shown to be associated with lower health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in schizophrenia …

Secondary parkinsonism induced by exposure to dopamine (DA) receptor antagonists as
first and second generation antipsychotics, DA storage depleters, calcium channel blockers …