Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative motor disorder caused by the
loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The substantia nigra is …

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects dopaminergic
neurons in the mesencephalic substantia nigra, causing a progressive clinical course …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease which
significantly influences the life quality of patients. The protein α-synuclein plays an important …

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are one of the most common nonmotor symptoms (NMS) in
patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) involving the whole GI tract (GIT) and being evident …

Parkinson's disease (PD) can be manifested in many different ways. Although motor
dysfunction represents the best characterised of the symptoms, the non-motor symptoms …

The identification of Parkinson's disease (PD) is mainly dependent on motor symptoms,
while the non-motor symptoms exist even decades ahead of the PD diagnosis. According to …

To assess the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) in Parkinson's disease (PD)
compared to control subjects and their timing of appearance in relationship to the onset of …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease attributed
to the synergistic effects of genetic risk and environmental stimuli. Although PD is …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multi-systemic disorder that is characterized by a combination
of motor and non-motor symptoms (NMS). The dopaminergic neurodegeneration of PD is …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting from degeneration of
dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). PD is characterized by …