There has been a renaissance in the surgical management of Parkinson's disease. This has
been due to long-term effects of levodopa and a better understanding of the basal ganglia …

Ablative surgery and deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease can be performed in the
thalamus, the pallidum and the subthalamic nucleus. The efficacy and safety of unilateral …

The aim of current treatment of Parkinson's disease is to ameliorate the symptoms while
seeking to lessen the potential development of late levodopa complications. To this end …

Surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease has become an important mode of therapy for
advanced disease. Both ablative lesions and, more recently, deep brain stimulation have …

There are four basic approaches for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Ablative
surgery is the oldest and best understood. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is relatively new …

We review the present status of surgery for Parkinson's disease. Surgical options for
Parkinson's disease are rapidly spanding. The main objectives of surgical techniques are to …

The recent resurgence of surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease has generated
enormous interest in the scientific community and with the general public. Both ablation …

Since the early 1930s, physicians have developed and refined various surgical therapies for
the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In this review we examine some of the problems …

Surgical therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) are now being performed with increasing
frequency due to the limitations of conventional dopaminergic therapies, improvements in …

Abstract Background Deep Brain stimulation is well accepted now as amethod for treating
refractory parkinsons disease. Objective To describe deep brain stimulation in Iraq …