OBJECTIVE: To define a new primitive reflex named the buccopalpebral reflex (BPR), and to
investigate this reflex clinically and neurophysiologically in patients with Parkinson disease …

Background/aim: This study aimed to define the frequency of a primitive reflex, the
buccopalpebral reflex (BPR), and its association with the clinical situation in patients with …

Objective Degeneration of nuclei of the brainstem, especially parts of the vagal nuclei
complex and the reticular formation, in Parkinson's disease (PD) may in part be responsible …

Purpose: Lateral trunk flexion is often observed in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and
causes poor quality of life. Asymmetrical function of the basal ganglia is believed to be the …

Objective To investigate the effects on the blink reflex (BR) of single stimuli applied to the
pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg). Methods The BR was evoked by stimulating …

OBJECTIVE: Prepulse inhibition of the blink reflex is a robust phenomenon with an
interesting physiology and a large potential for clinical applicability. In the study presented …

Background and Purpose Blepharospasm (BSP) and apraxia of eyelid opening (AEO) have
been reported as dystonia related with parkinsonism. However, systematic analysis of …

The aim of the study was to analyse the diagnostic value of blink reflex (BR) in motor neuron
disease (MND). We studied 25 patients with MND including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis …

The neurologic states and activities of daily life of patients with Parkinson's disease were
evaluated using a rating scale with subitems, and subsequently the neurologic disturbance …

Background: Psychogenic blepharospasm is difficult to distinguish clinically from benign
essential blepharospasm (BEB). The blink reflex recovery cycle measures the excitability of …