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Diagnosis Examples None epileptic events Shuddering attacks, self-gratification, panic attacks, tics, pseudo seizures, dystonic dyspepsia Improper management Incorrect diagnosis or classification, poor compliance, under treatment Intractable epilepsy syndrome LGS, infantile spasms, dravet syndrome, Doose syndrome Lesional epilepsy Cortical dysplasia, mesial temporal sclerosis, cortical tumors, hamartomas Treatable inherited metabolic epilepsies Please refer to Table 2 Neuro-metabolic disorder Amino acid or organic acid disorders, urea cycle disorders. Neurodegenerative disorder Progressive myoclonic epilepsy, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, mitochondrial cytopathy Disorder Specific treatment B6 dependent epilepsy Pyridoxine Pyridoxal phosphate responsive epilepsy Pyridoxal phosphate Folinic acid responsive seizures Folinic acid Glucose transporter 1 deficiency Ketogenic diet Biopterin synthesis disorders L-dopa, 5-hydroxytryptophan, biopterin Cerebral folate deficiency Folinic acid Biotinidase deficiency Biotin Serine biosynthesis disorders Serine, glycine Creatine synthesis defect Creatine monohydrate Drug Dose Valproic acid (Depakene) 15-40 mg/kg/day Clonazepam (Rivotril) 0.02-0.2 mg/kg/day Clobazam (Frisium) 0.5-2 mg/kg/day Lamotrogine (Lamictal) 5-10 mg/kg/day 1-5 mg/kg/day with valproic acid 10-15 mg/kg/day with enzyme inducers Topiramate (Topamax) 2-10 mg/kg/day Levetiracetam (Keppra) 15-60 mg/kg/day Rufinamide (Banzel) 25-45 mg/kg/day
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