Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
- Algorithm for acute management of status epilepticus in children. PICU - Pediatric Intensive Care Unit- IV - Intravenous, PR - per rectum, ABC - airway, breathing, and circulation, BP - blood pressure, CBC - complete blood count, LFT - liver function tests, LP - Lumbar Puncture, min - minimum, max - maximum
Tables
- Table 1
Common antiepileptic drugs, indications, common side effects and maintenance doses.
Drugs Indications Side effects Maintenance (mg/kg/d) Carbamazepine Generalized tonic-clonic, partial, seizures Rash, hepatitis, diplopia, aplastic anemia, leukopenia 10 – 40 Clonazepam Myoclonic, akinetic, partial seizures, infantile spasms, Lennox-Gastaut Fatigue, behavioral issues, salivation 0.05 – 0.30 Ethosuximide Absence epilepsy GI upset, weight gain, lethargy, SLE, rash 20 – 40 Felbamate Refractory Severe epilepsy Aplastic anemia, hepatotoxicity 15 – 45 Gabapentin Partial and secondary generalized seizures Fatigue, dizziness diarrhea, ataxia 20 – 70 Lamotrigine Complex partial, atonic, myoclonic, absence, tonic-clonic, Lennox-Gastaut, infantile spasm Headache, nausea, rash, diplopia, steven-Johnson syndrome, GI upset 5 – 15 Levetiracetam Adjunctive therapy for refractory partial seizures Headache, anorexia, fatigue, infection, behavioral issues 10 – 60 Oxcarbazepine Adjunctive therapy for partial seizures Fatigue, low sodium, nausea, ataxia, rash 10 – 45 Phenobarbital Generalized tonic-clonic, partial myoclonic Sedation, behavioral issues 2 – 6 Phenytoin Generalized tonic-clonic, partial, atonic, myoclonic, neonatal Gum hyperplasia, hirsutism, ataxia, steven-Johnson syndrome, lymphoma 4 – 8 Topiramate Complex partial seizures Fatigue, nephrolithiasis, ataxia, headache, tremor, GI upset 1 – 9 Valproic acid Generalized tonic-clonic, absence, myoclonic, partial, akinetic, infantile spasm GI upset, liver involvement, tremor, alopecia, sedation, weight gain 10 – 60 Vigabatrin Infantile spasm, adjunctive therapy, for refractory seizures Weight gain, behavior changes, visual field constriction 30 – 150 Zonisamide Adjunctive therapy for focal seizures, atonic, infantile spasms Fatigue, ataxia, anorexia, GI upset, headache, skin rash 2 – 8 SLE - systemic lupus erythematosus, GI - gastrointestinal
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