Research ArticleOriginal Articles
Open Access

Quality of life among epileptic patients in Qassim Region, KSA

Raghad M. Altwijri, Moath S. Aljohani and Haifa K. Alshammari
Neurosciences Journal January 2021, 26 (1) 56-61; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17712/nsj.2021.1.20200044

Article Figures & Data

Tables

  • Table 1

    Participant demographics.

    Descriptionn=216 (%)
    Age mean (SD)30 (± 12)
    Gender n (%)
     Female115(53.2)
     Male101(46.8)
    Marital status n (%)
     Married79(36.6)
     Single129(59.7)
     Divorced5(2.3)
     Widowed3(1.4)
    Employment status n (%)
     Employed66(30.6)
     Unemployed150(69.4)
    Educational level n (%)
     Primary school35(16.2)
     Secondary school25(11.6)
     High school75(34.7)
     University81(37.5)
    seizure type n (%)
     Generalized176(81.5)
     Focal30(13.9)
     Focal to bilateral2(.9)
    AED type n (%)
     Polytherapy94(43.5)
     Monotherapy115(53.2)
     Not on medication6(2.8)
    Years since diagnosis n (%)
     <5 years66 (30.6)
     5–10 years62(28.7)
     >10 years85(39.4)

    • SD - standard deviation, n - sample size

  • Table 2

    Mean QOLIE-31 subscale scores.

    SubscalesMeanSD
    Energy/ fatigue59.9320.91
    Emotional wellbeing62.1821.71
    Seizure worry53.5326.22
    Overall health72.2921.37
    Cognitive65.5625.61
    Medication effect63.0230.69
    Social function73.0825.20

    • SD - standard deviation, QOLIE-31 - quality of life in epilepsy

  • Table 3

    Relationships between overall QOLIE-31 score and demographics and clinical characteristics.

    CharacteristicMeanF, t (df)P-value
    *Gender
     Male64.73.385 (214).700
     Female63.79
    *Employment status
     Employed71.103.874(214)< 0.001***
     Unemployed61.20
    **Age:
     ≤2064.17
     21-4463.87.221(212).882
     45-5964.96
     ≥6069.02
    **Marital status
     Single63.79
     Married65.731.699(212)0.168
     Divorced64.60
     Widow42.60
    **Educational level
     Primary school57.43
     Secondary school60.542.98(212)0.032***
     High school65.44
     University67.17
    **Number of AED
     Polytherapy58.62
     Monotherapy68.809.289(212)< 0.001***
     Not on medication68.48
    **seizure type
     Generalized63.144.389(205)0.014***
     Focal72.11
     Focal to bilateral46.29
    Years since diagnosis
     <5 years67.63
     5–10 years63.891.812(212).166
     >10 years62.15

    • ↵* independent t test - t(df),

    • ↵** one-way ANOVA test F(df),

    • ↵*** significant association at p=0.05, df - degree of freedom, QOLIE-31 - quality of life in epilepsy, AED - antiepileptic drugs

  • Table 4

    Correlation analysis for relation between patients personal and clinical data with different QOL subscales.

    characteristicEmotional wellbeing subscaleSeizure worry subscaleOverall health subscaleenergy?fatigue subscaleCognitive subscaleMedication effect subscaleSocial function subscale
    Age in years
     rho-.031.103-.014-.074.064-.038.057
     P-value.648.131.834.280.346.582.402
    Years since diagnosis
     rho-.036-.016-.142-.040-.039-.064-.196
     P-value.602.821.039*.565.568.354.004**
    Gender
     rho-.050-.082.063-.048-.086.053.077
     P-value.466.228.357.483.208.438.261
    Marital Status
     rho-.059.025.045-.072.036.019.060
     P-value.392.720.506.295.595.778.380
    Education level
     rho.144.072.279.127.130-.077.256
     P-value.035*.294<.001**.063.057.260<.001**
    Seizure type
     rho.159.226-.056.068.166.096.072
     P-value.022*.001**.418.326.016*.167.302
    Employment Status
     rho-.186-.182-.185-.136-.175-.141-.193
     P-value.006**.007**.006**.046*.010*.039*.004**
    AED number
     rho-.132-.129-.216-.185-.257-274-.228
     P-value.053.059.001**.006**<.001**<.001**.001**

    • rho - Spearman correlation coefficient,

    • ↵** p< 0.001,

    • ↵* p< 0.05, QOL - quality of life

  • Table 5

    Multiple linear regression model to assess adjusted effect of epilepsy patients’ factors on their QOL

    FactorsUnstandardized CoefficientsStandardized CoefficientstP-value
    BSEBeta
    (Constant)86.88.510.2.001
    Seizure type-7.03.0-0.15-2.4.019*
    AED-9.42.4-0.26-4.0.001**
    Employment-6.02.9-0.15-2.1.041*
    Age in years0.10.10.060.8.421
    Gender0.72.40.020.3.754
    Marital Status0.81.20.040.7.505
    Education level1.71.20.101.4.153
    Model R2; significance0.31; F=5.5; P <0.01

    • B - regression coefficient, SE - Standard error, AED - antiepileptic medication,

    • ↵** p<0.001,

    • ↵* p<0.05

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