Public Awareness of Ischemic Stroke in Medina city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Majed M. Alluqmani; Nada R. Almshhen; Rawan A. Alotaibi; Omaymah Y. Aljardi; Heba M. Zahid

doi:10.17712/nsj.2021.2.20200105

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Table 1

- Demographic characteristics of respondents.

Variables	A	B	Chi-squared test (p-value)
n (%)
n (%)	298 (57.4)	221 (42.6)
*Gender*
Male	113 (53.6)	98 (46.4)	2.17 (0.14)
Female	185 (60)	123 (40)
*Age, years*
<40	260 (57)	196 (43)	1.004 (0.65)
≥40	38 (60.3)	25 (39.7)
*Educational Level*
High school and less	60 (49.5)	61 (50.4)	3.93 (0.05)
Higher education	238 (59.8)	160 (40.2)
*Occupation*
Unemployed	122 (59.22)	84 (40.77)	27.5 (< 0.001)
Non-medical field student	46 (51.11)	44 (48.88)
Medical field student	32 (88.88)	4 (11.11)
Non-health care professional	68 (46.57)	78 (53.42)
Health care professional	30 (73.17)	11 (26.82)
*Relative’s previous diagnosis*
Yes	61 (59.8)	41 (40.2)	0.296 (0.6)
No	237 (56.83)	180 (43.17)

A - recognized stroke definition, B - did not recognize stroke definition

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Table 2

- Knowledge of stroke signs and correct behavior with suspected stroke.

Variables	A	B	Total 519 (%)
n (%)	298 (57.4)	221 (42.6)	Total 519 (%)
Stroke Signs
Mouth deviation	145 (48.65)	70 (31.67)	215 (41.42)^*
Speech difficulty	217 (72.81)	114 (51.58)	331 (63.77)^*
Focal weakness	168 (56.37)	79 (35.74)	247 (47.6)^*
Chest pain	49 (16.44)	56 (25.33)	105 (20.23)^*
Shortness of breath	108 (36.24)	72 (32.57)	180 (34.68)^*
Identified ≥ two stroke signs with ≤ one mistake	155 (52.01)	66 (29.86)	221 (42.58)
*Behavior with suspected stroke*
Go to ER	264 (88.6)	182 (82.35)	446 (85.93)
Call 937	31 (10.4)	35 (15.84)	66 (12.72)
Stay at home	0 (0.00)	4 (1.8)	4 (1.8)
Use alternative medicine	1 (0.33)	0 (0)	1 (0.33)
Go to the pharmacy	2 (0.67)	0 (0)	2 (0.67)
Awareness of blood clot-dissolving drugs	85 (28.52)	35 (15.84)	120 (23.12)
Knowledge of correct timeframe in which to administer blood clot-dissolving drugs	44/85 (51.76)	14/35 (40)	58/120 (48.33)

A - recognized stroke definition, B - did not recognize stroke definition,
↵* Multiple choice questions, not=100%

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Table 3

- Knowledge of stroke risk factors.

Variables	A	B	Total 519 (%)^*
n (%)	298 (57.4)	221(42.6)
Hypertension	222 (74.5)	118 (53.4)	340 (65.5)
Diabetes	69 (23.15)	40 (18.1)	109 (21)
Smoking	110 (36.9)	61 (27.6)	171 (32.94)
Dyslipidemia	116 (38.9)	59 (26.69)	175 (33.72)
Obesity	69 (23.15)	36 (16.29)	105 (20.23)
Stress	138 (46.3)	74 (33.48)	212 (40.85)
Heart disease	125 (41.94)	81 (36.65)	206 (39.7)
Asthma	15 (5.03)	8 (3.62)	23 (4.43)
Iron deficiency anemia	45 (15.1)	20 (9.05)	65 (12.52)
*Identified*
≥ 4 stroke risk factors with ≤ 1 mistake	116 (38.92)	54 (24.43)	170 (32.75)

A - recognized stroke definition, B - did not recognize stroke definition,
↵* Multiple choice questions, thus it does not constitute 100%

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Table 4

- Knowledge of post-discharge requirements.

Variables	A	B	Total 519 (%)^*
Variables	298 (57.4)	221 (42.6%)	Total 519 (%)^*
Control chronic disease	170 (57.04)	80 (36.2)	250 (48.17)
Smoking cessation	140 (47)	73 (33.03)	213 (41.04)
Physiotherapy	132 (44.3)	63 (28.5)	195 (37.57)
Walking	172 (57.7)	90 (40.72)	262 (50.48)
Treat iron-deficiency anemia	48 (16.1)	26 (11.76)	74 (14.26)
Cauterization	19 (6.37)	12 (5.43)	31 (6)
*Identified*
≥3 post-discharge requirements with ≤ 1 mistake	135 (45.30)	51 (23.07)	186 (35.84)

A - recognized stroke definition, B - did not recognize stroke definition,
↵* Multiple choice questions, thus it does not constitute 100%

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Table 5

- Source of information.

Variables	A	B	Total 519 (%)^*
Variables	298 (57.4)	221 (42.6)	Total 519 (%)^*
Internet	196 (65.77)	130 (58.82)	326 (62.81)
Social media	104 (35)	94 (42.53)	198 (38.15)
Leaflets	64 (21.48)	45 (20.36)	109 (21)
TV	42 (14.1)	36 (16.3)	78 (15.03)
Previous knowledge	14 (4.7)	4 (1.8)	18 (3.47)
Family experience	5 (1.7)	8 (3.62)	13 (2.5)
Friends	13 (4.36)	5 (2.26)	18 (3.47)
Physicians	5 (1.7)	1 (0.45)	6 (1.15)

A - recognized stroke definition, B - did not recognize stroke definition,
↵* Multiple choice questions, thus it does not constitute 100%

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Table 6

- Relationship between participants’ demographic characters and their total knowledge regarding signs, risk factors, and post-discharge requirement of stroke.

Variables	A	B	Chi -squared test	P-value
	n (%)
	67/519 (13)	452/519 (87)
*Gender*
Male	28 (13.3)	183 (86.7)	0.041	0.839
Female	39 (12.7)	269(87.3)
*Age, years*
< 40	50 (11)	406 (89)	12.634
≥ 40	17 (27)	46 (73)	12.634	<0.001
*Educational Level*
Less than higher education	13 (10.7)	108 (89.3)	0.658	0.417
Higher education and above	54 (13.6)	344 (86.4)	0.658	0.417
*Relative’s previous diagnosis*
Yes	23 (22.5)	79 (77.5)	10.492	0.001
No	44 (10.6)	373 (89.4)	10.492	0.001

A - identified ≥ two stroke signs with ≤ one mistake, ≥ four stroke risk factors with ≤ one mistake, and ≥ 3 post-discharge requirements with ≤ one mistake, B - did not identify

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Table 7

- Multivariant logistic regression involving characteristic data as independent variables to predict stroke definition knowledge, signs knowledge and risk factors knowledge (dependent variables).

Independent variables	OR	95% CI	P-value
*Stroke definition knowledge*
Educational level	1.6	1.03-2.4	0.034
*Stroke signs knowledge*
Gender	1.6	1.2-2.9	0.013
Family history	1.8	1.2-2.9	0.009
*Risk factors knowledge*
Educational level	1.7	1.1-2.7	0.028
Family history	1.6	1.03-2.6	0.036