Article Figures & Data
Tables
COPE subscales Mean±SD Problem-oriented coping Using instrumental social support 11.98±2.48 Active coping 11.81±2.41 Restraint 10.42±2.35 Suppression of competing activities 10.97±2.16 Planning 11.20±2.41 Emotion-oriented coping Positive reinterpretation and growth 12.05±2.43 Religious coping 15.24±1.44 Humor 7.24±3.29 Use of emotional social support 11.63±2.36 Acceptance 10.92±2.31 Dysfunctional coping Mental disengagement 10.96±2.24 Focus on and venting of emotions 11.37±2.39 Denial 8.77±2.91 Substance use 5.05±2.04 Behavioural disengagement 9.28±2.62 - Table 2
Distribution of COPE subscale scores of Turkish epileptic patients according to different variables.
Variables COPE subscales (mean±SD) n (%) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Gender Male 77 (42.3) 12.4±2.3 11.1±2.0 11.6±2.3 12.3±2.4 11.9±2.5 8.5±3.1 15.3±1.4 Female 105 (57.7) 11.6±2.5 10.8±2.5 11.0±2.4 11.5±2.4 11.7±2.2 9.1±2.7 15.1±1.5 P-value 0.030 0.346 0.076 0.026 0.612 0.230 0.429 Educational level Illiterate or literate 24 (13.2) 12.2±2.8 10.7±1.8 11.5±3.1 12.6±2.5 11.3±2.9 8.2±3.3 15.1±1.4 Primary school 80 (44.0) 11.9±2.5 10.6±2.3 11.2±2.4 11.6±2.5 12.0±2.3 8.6±3.0 15.2±1.6 Highschool & above 78 (42.8) 12.1±2.2 11.4±2.3 11.5±2.2 12.1±2.4 11.8±2.3 9.4±3.0 15.3±1.3 P-value 0.840 0.110 0.669 0.191 0.536 0.511 0.839 Family structure Traditional 24 (13.2) 11.5±2.8 9.8±2.4 10.9±2.6 11.9±2.2 11.8±2.9 7.0±2.3 14.4±2.0 Nuclear 150 (82.4) 12.1±2.4 11.2±2.2 11.4±2.4 12.0±2.5 11.8±2.3 9.1±2.9 15.4±1.3 Separated 8 (4.4) 12.8±2.3 10.1±1.3 11.3±2.5 12.3±2.4 12.8±2.7 7.5±2.4 15.0±2.0 P-value 0.376 0.013 0.654 0.934 0.530 0.001 0.005 Profession Worker 23 (12.6) 11.0±2.1 11.2±3.0 10.4±2.6 10.7±2.8 11.1±2.4 9.2±2.4 14.6±2.1 Freelance 20 (11.0) 12.1±2.0 10.8±2.3 11.6±2.5 12.4±2.2 12.2±2.3 7.8±3.2 15.6±0.9 Housewife 71 (39.0) 12.2±2.4 11.1±2.0 11.5±2.4 12.2±2.2 12.1±2.4 9.0±3.1 15.4±1.3 Other 68 (37.4) 12.2±2.6 10.7±2.2 11.5±2.2 12.0±2.2 11.7±2.4 8.7±2.7 15.2±1.4 P-value 0.201 0.733 0.258 0.068 0.323 0.364 0.071 Smoking Yes 118 (64.8) 12.2±2.6 10.8±2.2 11.4±2.5 12.1±2.5 11.9±2.5 8.2±3.0 15.2±1.5 No 64 (35.2) 11.9±2.1 11.2±2.4 11.3±2.3 11.8 11.6±2.2 9.8±2.5 15.4±1.3 P-value 0.275 0.289 0.720 ±2.4 0.454 <0.001 0.419 0.384 Seizure type Partial 33 (20.9) 13.8±2.0 10.5±2.0 12.6±1.7 12.3±2.6 13.4±2.4 6.4±2.5 15.7±0.9 Generalized 119 (75.3) 11.6±2.4 11.2±2.4 11.1±2.4 12.0±2.4 11.4±2.3 9.7±2.6 15.3±1.3 Other 6 (3.8) 12.3±2.2 11.7±2.0 11.0±2.8 12.3±2.6 11.5±3.2 7.7±3.0 14.7±1.5 P-value <0.001 0.261 0.004 0.812 <0.001 <0.001 0.092 Seizure frequency (in the last month) No seizures 76 (41.8) 11.8±2.3 11.4±2.2 11.7±2.2 12.2±2.2 11.6±2.4 9.4±2.7 15.4±1.2 1 seizure 73 (40.1) 12.6±2.3 10.8±2.3 11.4±2.3 12.2±2.6 12.2±2.4 8.3±3.2 15.4±1.2 2 and more 33 (18.1) 11.4±2.8 10.2±2.1 10.5±2.9 11.0±2.6 11.4±2.4 8.2±2.6 14.4±2.1 P-value 0.041 0.042 0.064 0.050 0.158 0.030 0.002 The interference of the disease on the illness Yes 48 (26.4) 11.5±2.4 10.5±2.3 10.5±2.7 12.1±2.5 11.7±2.4 8.9±2.9 15.0±1.6 No 134 (73.6) 12.2±2.4 11.1±2.2 11.7±2.2 11.9±2.5 11.8±2.4 8.7±2.9 15.3±1.4 P-value 0.089 0.086 0.005 0.798 0.689 0.612 0.263 Variables COPE subscales (mean±SD) 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Gender Male 7.2±3.4 9.0±2.6 10.3±2.4 11.8±2.4 4.9±2.0 11.0±2.4 11.1±2.1 11.3±2.5 Female 7.3±3.1 9.6±2.5 10.5±2.2 11.4±2.3 5.3±2.0 10.8±2.2 10.8±2.3 11.0±2.3 P-value 0.718 0.123 0.490 0.353 0.169 0.715 0.373 0.432 Educational level Illiterate or literate 7.2±3.1 10.2±2.2 10.9±2.0 11.7±2.7 4.7±1.5 10.8±2.5 10.7±2.1 11.6±2.7 Primary school 7.7±3.7 9.5±2.6 10.8±2.4 11.6±2.5 5.1±2.3 11.0±2.5 11.1±2.3 11.3±2.5 Highschool & above 6.8±2.9 8.8±2.6 9.8±2.3 11.7±2.1 5.1±1.9 10.9±2.0 10.9±2.0 11.0±2.2 P-value 0.215 0.040 0.020 0.916 0.670 0.967 0.702 0.594 Family structure Traditional 5.8±2.4 9.0±2.4 10.4±2.7 11.3±2.8 5.8±2.7 10.6±2.6 10.4±1.9 11.5±2.4 Nuclear 7.5±3.4 9.3±2.7 10.4±2.3 11.7±2.3 4.9±1.9 11.0±2.3 11.0±2.2 11.1±2.4 Separated 6.8±3.3 9.9±1.8 10.6±1.6 11.6±2.0 5.1±2.1 10.6±1.6 11.9±2.2 12.1±2.7 P-value 0.054 0.709 0.962 0.750 0.161 0.723 0.250 0.414 Profession Worker 7.1±2.8 10.0±2.3 9.8±2.2 10.8±2.4 6.3±2.2 9.9±2.1 9.8±2.7 10.4±2.4 Freelance 6.9±3.0 10.1±2.1 11.4±1.9 12.0±2.1 5.0±2.0 11.2±2.3 12.2±1.9 11.4±2.4 Housewife 8.1±3.8 9.3±2.7 10.7±2.1 11.9±2.2 5.1±2.4 11.1±2.4 11.2±2.0 11.6±2.3 Other 6.4±2.7 8.8±2.7 10.0±2.6 11.5±2.5 4.6±1.3 11.0±2.3 10.7±2.1 10.9±2.5 P-value 0.023 0.121 0.032 0.222 0.011 0.134 0.001 0.127 Smoking Yes 6.8±3.3 8.9±2.7 10.4±2.4 11.7±2.4 4.8±1.8 10.7±2.4 11.0±2.1 11.2±2.4 No 8.0±3.2 10.0±3.4 10.4±2.2 11.4±2.4 5.4±2.3 11.2±2.2 11.0±2.3 11.2±2.4 P-value 0.029 0.009 0.806 0.378 0.071 0.306 0.708 0.348 Seizure type Partial 5.1±1.7 9.4±2.5 11.4±2.1 12.6±1.9 4.4±1.8 12.1±2.0 11.6±2.2 12.7±2.4 Generalized 7.8±3.4 9.3±2.5 10.3±2.3 11.5±2.3 5.0±1.7 10.6±2.3 11.0±2.0 10.9±2.2 Other 8.0±3.2 8.7±2.2 10.5±2.7 11.7±2.2 4.8±1.7 11.5±2.2 11.2±2.5 12.2±1.6 P-value <0.001 0.795 0.062 0.040 0.263 0.005 0.349 <0.001 Seizure frequency (in the last month) No seizures 7.7±3.3 9.3±2.4 10.4±2.3 11.7±2.2 4.7±2.0 11.0±2.3 11.0±2.1 11.2±2.2 1 seizure 6.9±3.2 9.3±2.8 10.5±2.4 12.0±2.4 5.2±2.1 11.1±2.3 11.2±2.0 11.4±2.6 2 and more 6.8±3.4 9.2±2.7 10.3±2.5 10.8±2.6 5.5±2.1 10.3±2.4 10.4±2.5 10.8±2.4 P-value 0.236 0.994 0.923 0.044 0.163 0.263 0.217 0.516 The interference of the disease on the illness Yes 7.7±3.5 9.3±2.6 10.6±2.4 11.7±2.6 5.3±2.1 10.4±2.8 10.7±2.4 10.8±2.5 No 7.1±3.2 9.3±2.6 10.4±2.3 11.6±2.3 5.0±2.0 11.1±2.0 11.1±2.1 11.3±2.4 P-value 0.282 0.834 0.620 0.906 0.351 0.093 0.366 0.243 - Table 3
The correlation between the COPE subscale scores of Turkish epileptic patients according to different variables.
Variables 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Age r=-0.104 r=-0.077 r=-0.062 r=-0.048 r=-0.052 r=0.103 r=0.047 p=0.163 P=0.299 p=0.409 p=0.523 p=0.489 p=0.165 p=0.528 Income r=0.169 r=-0.027 r=0.141 r=0.286 r=0.207 r=-0.094 r=-0.033 p=0.179 P=0.829 p=0.264 p=0.021 p=0.098 p=0.456 p=0.796 Number of friends r=-0.091 r=-0.155 r=-0.094 r=-0.223 r=-0.093 r=-0.049 r=-0.289 p=0.322 P=0.091 p=0.307 p=0.015 p=0.312 p=0.594 p=0.001 Epilepsy history / year r=-0.103 r=-0.049 r=-0.062 r=-0.029 r=-0.076 r=0.207 r=0.010 p=0.180 P=0.528 p=0.422 p=0.711 p=0.326 p=0.007 p=0.899 BDI r=-0.543 r=-0.222 r=-0.436 r=-0.300 r=-0.415 r=0.209 r=-0.381 p<0.001 p=0.003 p<0.001 p<0.001 p<0.001 p=0.005 p<0.001 PSS total r=0.446 r=-0.095 r=0.297 r=0.173 r=0.303 r=-0.348 r=0.085 p<0.001 p=0.202 p<0.001 p=0.019 p<0.001 p<0.001 p=0.256 PSS-family r=0.103 r=0.036 r=0.122 r=0.032 r=0.070 r=-0.074 r=-0.019 p=0.168 p=0.634 p=0.102 p=0.666 p=0.351 p=0.322 p=0.800 PSS-friends r=0.454 r=-0.094 r=0.315 r=0.157 r=0.267 r=-0.323 r=0.095 p<0.001 p=0.208 p<0.001 p=0.034 p<0.001 p<0.001 p=0.203 PSS-someone special r=0.403 r=-0.132 r=0.218 r=0.183 r=0.310 r=-0.345 r=0.089 p<0.001 p=0.075 p=0.003 p=0.013 p<0.001 p<0.001 p=0.234 Variables COPE subscales 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Age r=0.221 r=0.147 r=0.008 r=-0.060 r=-0.172 r=0.037 r=-0.027 r=0.070 p=0.003 p=0.048 p=0.917 p=0.422 p=0.021 p=0.616 p=0.721 p=0.350 Income r=-0.133 r=-0.334 r=-0.102 r=0.139 r=-0.180 r=0.149 r=0.130 r=0.075 p=0.290 p=0.007 p=0.419 p=0.269 p=0.151 p=0.237 p=0.301 p=0.554 Number of friends r=-0.022 r=-0.116 r=-0.250 r=-0.266 r=0.212 r=-0.119 r=-0.196 r=-0.260 p=0.813 p=0.209 p=0.006 p=0.003 p=0.020 p=0.197 p=0.032 p=0.004 Epilepsy history / year r=0.316 r=0.104 r=0.027 r=-0.031 r=-0.096 r=-0.095 r=-0.016 r=0.007 p<0.001 p=0.178 p=0.723 p=0.689 p=0.212 p=0.218 p=0.832 p=0.932 BDI r=0.202 r=0.046 r=-0.138 r=-0.317 r=0.274 r=-0.387 r=-0.346 r=-0.367 p=0.006 p=0.534 p=0.063 p<0.001 p<0.001 p<0.001 p<0.001 p<0.001 PSS total r=-0.242 r=-0.111 r=0.147 r=0.284 r=0.056 r=0.292 r=0.262 r=0.183 p=0.001 p=0.136 p=0.048 p<0.001 p=0.450 p<0.001 p<0.001 p=0.013 PSS-family r=-0.057 r=-0.098 r=-0.021 r=0.039 r=0.011 r=0.078 r=0.019 r=-0.131 p=0.447 p=0.188 p=0.781 p=0.599 p=0.883 p=0.295 p=0.803 p=0.077 PSS-friends r=-0.229 r=-0.090 r=0.122 r=0.273 r=0.036 r=0.250 r=0.269 r=0.206 p=0.002 p=0.225 p=0.101 p<0.001 p=0.628 p=0.001 p<0.001 p=0.005 PSS-someone special r=-0.235 r=-0.076 r=0.199 r=0.285 r=0.076 r=0.297 r=0.261 r=0.255 p=0.001 p=0.305 p=0.007 p<0.001 p=0.307 p<0.001 p<0.001 p=0.001 - Table 4
Multiple linear regression analysis of the factors affecting COPE subscales of the Turkish epileptic patients.
Variables COPE subscales 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 13 15 β β β β β β β β β β β β Gender Female Male -0.83* Educational level Illiterate or literate Primary School -1.05 Highschool and above -1.68* Family Structure Traditional Nuclear 1.35* 1.28* 0.92 Separated 0.29 -0.26 0.33* Smoking No Yes 0.97* 1.17* Type of seizures Generalized partial 2.22* 1.36* 1.97* -2.83* 0.11 2.73* 1.14* 1.47* 1.78* Other 0.54 0.01 -0.02 -1.94* -0.85* -0.49* -0.43 0.18 -0.06 Interference in communication Yes 0.97* No R2 0.12* 0.05* 0.09* 0.03* 0.10* 0.28* 0.12* 0.10* 0.08* 0.05* 0.06* 0.08* ↵* p<0.05, COPE - Assessment Scale for Coping Attitudes, 1Positive reinterpretation and growth, 2Mental disengagement, 3Focus on and venting of emotions, 4Using instrumental social support, 5Active coping, 6Denial, 7Religious coping, 8Humor, 9Behavioural disengagement, 10Restraint, 11Use of emotional social support, 12Substance use, 13Acceptance, 14Suppression of competing activities, 15Planning