Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
*Illustration showing the A) dorsal view of the fourth ventricular floor. This illustration shows the supra-facial (SF) and infra-facial (IF) triangles. The column of illustrations on the right show corresponding axial sections through B) upper, C) mid, and D) lower pons. AqD - aqueduct of Sylvius, N - nucleus, IC - inferior colliculus, MS - median sulcus, Vm - mesencephalic N of the 5th cranial nerve (V), Vcs - chief (sensory) N of V, Vms - motor (mastication) N of V, MLF - medial longitudinal fascicle, FC - facial colliculus, IV - trochlear N, CTT - central tegmental tract, SL - sulcus limitans, SLI - sulcus limitans incisure, HT - hypoglossal triangle, SM - striae medullaris, SCP, MCP, SCP - superior, middle and inferior cerebellar peduncle, VT - vagal triangle, AP - area postrema, Obx - Obex, VI, Abducent N - VII, facial N. and fiber tracks and nerve, VIII - vestibular N. and nerve, XII - hypoglossal N. and nerve, Xd - dorsal vagal N, Am - N ambiguus of 9th and 10th cranial nerves with parasympathetics on its medial border, Ss & Si - superior and inferior salivatory NN., ST - spinal trigeminal tract, STT - spinothalamic tract, ML - medial lemniscus, ION - inferior olivary N., P - Pyramid, TB - trapezoid body, Pn TPF - pontine NN. and transverse pontine fibers, SF - Suprafacial triangle, IF - infrafacial triangle. *Figure 58.4 found on page 201 in Sabbagh AJ, Albanyan AA, Alyamany MA, Bunyan R, Abdelmoity AT, Soualmi LB. Case 58. In: Nader R, Sabbagh A, editors. Neurosurgery Case Review. NY (USA): Thieme; 2010 (reprinted with permission).
- Figure 2
Some of the available technologies A) intraoperative MRI suite where state of the art neuronavigation and intraoperative monitoring and imaging are performed at the National Neurosciences Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. B) patient’s head in prone position connected through corkscrew iOM electrodes shown inside the MRI coil. C) Surgery starts after connecting the patient, iOM staff and equipment (arrow). D) Tractography imaging showing tracts displaced by tumor (dotted arrow). iMRI - intraoperative MRI device, NN - neuronavigation equipment and screen, ceiling mounted microscope, iOM - intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring
- Figure 3
Illustration depicting the posterior fossa, showing the trajectory to a medulla oblongata tumor (arrow) by artist rendering A) and neuronavigation screenshot B). The illustration shows the position of the neuronavigation probe (green rod), the third nerve (III), midbrain (MB), pons (P), medulla oblongata (MO), spinal cord (SC) clivus (CL), cerebellar tonsils (CT), odontoid process, tentorium (T), confluence of sinuses (C), cervical vertebrae one (C1), cervical vertebrae 2 (C2), odontoid (O)
- Figure 4
Shows the diagrammatic illustration of some example approaches to the brainstem depending on region and location. Tectal region approaches (A, B, and C): A) supracerebellar-infratentorial, B) subvermial trans-forth ventricular, and C) occipital transtentorial approaches. Pontine region approaches (D, E, and F): D) telovelotonsillar, E) trans/subvermian, and F) transpetrosal (for anterolateral lesions) approaches. Cervico -medullary region approaches (G, H, and I): G) subvermian, H) Telovelotonsillar, and I) cervical approaches. The illustration shows the third nerve (III), midbrain (MB), pons (P), medulla oblongata (MO), spinal cord (SC) clivus (CL), cerebellar tonsils (CT), odontoid process, tentorium (T), and confluence of sinuses (C).
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