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Tables
- Table 1
Seizure types, their characteristics and main investigations of 663 Jordanian pediatric epileptic patients.
Parameters One seizure type Mixed seizures All seizure types n (%) Generalized 248 (41.5) 103 (74.1) 351 (47.6) Tonic Clonic 139 (23.2) 29 (20.9) 168 (22.8) Absence 41 (6.9) 11 (7.9) 52 (7.1) Myoclonic 24 (4.0) 28 (20.1) 52 (7.1) Clonic 4 (0.7) 3 (2.2) 7 (0.9) Tonic 27 (4.5) 16 (11.5) 43 (5.8) Atonic 13 (2.2) 16 (11.5) 29 (3.9) Focal 317 (53.0) 29 (20.9) 346 (46.9) Without ICA* 59 (9.9) 9 (6.5) 68 (9.2) With ICA 178 (29.8) 18 (12.9) 196 (26.6) With ICA and evolving to BCS** 43 (7.2) 1 (0.7) 44 (6.0) Without ICA* and evolving to BCS** 37 (6.2) 1 (0.7) 38 (5.2) Spasms 33 (5.5) 7 (5.0) 40 (5.4) Intractable 161/663 (24.3) MRI alone 389/663 (58.7) CT alone 111/663 (16.7) Both CT and MRI 108/663 (16.3) None 55/663 (8.3) Number of patients N=663 One seizure type 598 (90.2) Mixed seizures 65 (9.8) Number of seizures N=737 One seizure type 598 (81.1) Mixed seizures 139 (18.9) Demographics identifiers N (%) Age groups 2-12 month 23 (3.5) >1-6 years 239 (36.0) >6-12 years 275 (41.5) >12-18 years 126 (19.0) Age at seizure onset <1 month 27 (4.1) 1-12 month 153 (23.0) >1-6 year 373 (56.3) >6-12 year 105 (15.8) >12-18 years 5 (0.8) Gender Male 377 (56.9) Female 286 (43.1) Family History 225 (33.9) Aetiology and type of seizures Age of seizure onset <1 m 1-12 m >1 y >6 y >12-18 y Total Aetiology (n=663) Genetic 2 13 74 27 1 117 Structural and metabolic 20 89 134 33 2 278 Unknown 5 51 165 45 2 268 Type of seizure (one seizure type n=598) Generalized 9 49 146 41 3 248 Focal 12 61 187 56 1 317 Spasms 3 24 6 0 0 33 m - month, y - year(s)
Type Aetiology Total Presumed Genetic Structural-metabolic Unknown Ohtahara syndrome 0 0 1 1 (0.5) West syndrome 2 24 7 33 (14.9) Myoclonic epilepsy in infancy 0 0 3 3 (1.4) Dravet syndrome 2 0 0 2 (0.9) Myoclonic encephalopathy in non-progressive disorders 0 0 1 1 (0.5) Panayiotopoulos syndrome 0 0 2 2 (0.9) Epilepsy with myoclonic atonic (previously astatic) seizures 6 0 0 6 (2.7) BECTS 0 0 60 60 (27.1) ADNFLE 1 0 0 1 (0.5) Late onset childhood occipital epilepsy (Gastaut type) 0 0 3 3 (1.4) Lennox-Gastaut syndrome 1 6 1 8 (3.6) Epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike-and-wave during sleep 0 0 1 1 (0.5) Landau-Kleffner syndrome 0 0 1 1 (0.5) Childhood absence epilepsy 26 0 0 26 (11.8) Juvenile absence epilepsy 15 0 0 15 (6.8) Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy 12 0 0 12 (5.4) Epilepsy with generalized tonic–clonic seizures alone 37 0 0 37 (16.7) Progressive myoclonus epilepsies 0 0 2 2 (0.9) Reflex epilepsies 7 0 0 7 (3.2) Total 109 30 82 221 (100) BECTS - Benign epilepsy with Centro temporal spikes, ADNFLE - Autosomal-dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy
Etiology of epilepsies Frequency Genetic n (%) 117 (17.7) Electro clinical syndromes (presumed genetic) 109 Others 8 Structural – metabolic n (%) 278 (41.9) Perinatal insults 89 Malformation of cortical development 26 Infection 23 Neurocutaneous syndromes 23 Trauma 16 Hydrocephalus 12 Metabolic disorders 9 Vascular anomaly 7 Tumor 5 Stroke 3 Others: 54 Corpus collosum 10 Brain atrophy 23 Microcephaly 8 Brain cysts 10 Delay myelination 3 Distinctive constellations: 11 Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis 10 Rasmussen syndrome 1.0 Unknown n (%) 268 (40.4) Electro clinical syndromes 82 Other types of epilepsy: 186 Focal temporal lobe 45 Focal frontal lobe 27 Focal parietal lobe 5 Focal occipital lobe 4 Focal (undetermined origin) 19 Generalized 70 Mixed seizure 16 Total n (%) 663 (100)
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