Article Figures & Data
Tables
Category n (%) Age Mean±SD 22.9±1.1 years Gender Male 327 (52.3) Female 297 (47.7) Last year prevalence of headache (out of 623) 558 (89.6) Days had headache in last year, median (IQR) 15±23 days Episodes in the last year, median (IQR) 18±33 episodes Duration of each episode, median (IQR) 2.5±3.1 hours Site of headache* Frontal 251 (45) Occipital 84 (15.1) Vertical 60 (10.8) Temporal 201 (36) Generalized** 144 (25.8) Orbital 154 (27.6) Bilateral or unilateral* Bilateral 424 (76) Unilateral 134 (24) Character of headache* Pressing/tightening 393 (70.4) Throbbing/pulsating 258 (46.2) Stabbing 48 (8.6) Associated symptoms* Vomiting 10 (1.8) Nausea 84 (15.1) Photophobia 178 (31.9) Phonophobia 146 (26.2) Average intensity (out of 10) Mean±SD 5.1±1.7 Family history of headache 250 (44.8) Type of aura n (%) Motor 2 (6.3) Sensory 11 (34.4) Speech 2 (6.3) Visual 25 (78.1) ↵* Students could select more than one type of aura.
Diagnosis Male n=327 Female n=297 Both genders N=558 P-value n (%) Chronic TTH 1 (0.4) 4 (1.4) 5 (0.9) 0.17 Frequent TTH 98 (34.8) 75 (27.2) 173 (31.0) 0.05 Infrequent TTH 27 (9.6) 19 (6.9) 46 (8.2) 0.25 Migraine with aura 17 (6.0) 15 (5.4) 32 (5.7) 0.76 Migraine without aura 10 (3.5) 29 (10.5) 40 (7.5) <0.01 Probable chronic TTH 0 (0.0) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.2) 0.29 Probable frequent TTH 35 (12.4) 28 (10.1) 63 (11.3) 0.59 Probable infrequent TTH 59 (20.9) 55 (19.9) 114 (20.4) 0.89 Probable migraine with aura 1 (0.4) 2 (0.70) 3 (0.5) 0.51 Probable migraine without aura 11 (3.9) 32 (11.6) 40 (7.2) <0.01 Unclassified* 23 (8.2) 16 (5.8) 39 (7.0) 0.48 TTH - Tension-type headache,
↵* Responses which did not fit into any of the diagnoses.
Headache diagnosis Students reported academic level impaction n (%) Chronic TTH 2 (40) Frequent TTH 27 (15.56) Infrequent TTH 1 (2.2) Migraine with aura 11 (33.3) Migraine without aura 14 (34.4) Probable chronic TTH 0 (0.0) Probable frequent TTH 8 (12.7) Probable infrequent TTH 6 (5.3) Probable migraine with aura 1 (33.3) Probable migraine without aura 10 (25.0) TTH - Tension-type headache
Category* Chronic TTH n=5 Frequent TTH n=173 Infrequent TTH n=46 Migraine with aura n=32 Migraine without aura n=40 n (%) Sought medical attention (e.g., visited a physician) 0 (0.0) 18 (10.4) 3 (6.5) 9 (28.1) 10 (23.8) Self-medicate 5 (100.0) 135 (78.0) 38 (82.6) 20 (62.5) 32 (76.2) Simple analgesics as paracetamol 4 (80.0) 128 (74.0) 31 (67.4) 26 (81.2) 30 (71.4) aspirin 0 (0.0) 4 (2.3) 2 (4.3) 1 (3.1) 3 (7.1) Triptan (e.g., sumatriptan) 1 (20.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (3.1) 0 (0.0) Ergot medication 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (3.1) 1 (2.4) Herbs and alternative & traditional medicine 0 (0.0) 6 (3.5) 1 (2.2) 1 (3.1) 2 (4.8) Caffeine 3 (60.0) 53 (30.6) 13 (28.3) 12 (37.5) 19 (45.2) Sleeping 4 (80.0) 111 (64.2) 25 (54.3) 23 (71.9) 35 (83.3) Does headache stop with the selected therapies? 5 (100.0) 145 (83.8) 36 (78.3) 27 (84.4) 36 (85.7) No therapy 0 (0.0) 22 (12.7) 6 (13.0) 3 (9.4) 0 (0.0) TTH - Tension type headache,
↵* Students could select more than one therapy.