Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
- CONSORT flowchart of the study.
Tables
Variables Traditional rehabilitation first (n=5) Cervical mobilization first (n=7) Z P-value Age (y) 38.63±7.69 36.00±8.56 0.72 0.47 BMI (kg/m2) 23.90±3.77 24.91±3.94 0.49 0.62 Disease duration (y) 9.63±5.12 7.40±4.78 0.88 0.38 EDSS score (0-10) 3.18±1.14 2.27±1.00 1.88 0.06 RT (sec) 19.32±33.63 25.87±34.06 0.65 0.51 SRT (sec) 9.95±8.48 9.06±9.57 0.16 0.87 FRT (cm) 24.09±4.91 24.09±5.01 1.81 0.07 BMI - Body Mass Index, EDSS - Expanded Disability Status Scale, RT - Romberg Test, SRT - Sharpened Romberg Test, FTR - Functional Reach Test *p<0.05
Variables Traditional Rehabilitation First (n=5) Cervical Mobilization First (n=7) Period effect Carryover effect Pre-intervention Post-intervention P-value Pre-intervention Post-intervention P-value P-value P-value RT 19.32±33.63 31.03±26.48 0.04* 25.87±34.06 49.94±47.54 0.03* 0.06 0.94 SRT 9.95±8.48 18.29±10.22 0.00* 9.06±9.57 10.49±11.51 0<01* 0.09 0.31 FRT 24.90±4.91 28.28±4.06 0.00* 24.09±5.01 29.42±6.49 0<01* 0.71 0.65 RT - Romberg Test, SRT - Sharpened Romberg Test, FTR - Functional Reach Test, *p<0.05
Variables Traditional Rehabilitation First Cervical Mobilization First Period effect Carryover effect Pre-intervention Post-intervention P-value Pre-intervention Post-intervention P-value P-value P-value Maxipress 558.68±98.52 581.87±195.66 0.57 578.25±89.11 536.43±72.62 0.24 0.91 0.33 Averagepress 250.86±47.41 254.54±64.77 0.20 302.42±63.97 251.79±23.29 0.01* 0.87 0.53 Dforeper 37.53±5.35 37.02±8.65 0.26 36.85±6.11 39.78±7.48 0.02* 0.11 0.65 NDforeper 35.78±7.71 35.19±8.07 0.77 44.27±7.92 42.70±8.17 0.44 0.07 0.25 Drearper 62.46±5.35 62.98±8.65 0.26 63.14±6.11 60.21±7.48 0.02* 0.11 0.69 NDrearper 64.21±7.71 64.81±8.07 0.77 55.72±7.92 57.29±8.17 0.44 0.07 0.25 Dloadper-tot 53.14±4.25 52.25±6.31 0.55 52.05±2.60 52.37±3.16 0.92 0.58 0.88 NDloadper-tot 46.85±4.25 47.75±6.31 0.55 47.94±2.60 47.62±3.16 0.92 0.58 0.87 Maxipress - maxiumum pressure of foot, Averagepress - mean pressure of foot, Dforeper - dominant-percentages of pressure in forefoot, NDforeper - nondominant-percentages of pressure in forefoot, Drearper - dominant-percentages of pressure in rearfoot, NDrearper - nondominant-percentages of pressure in rearfoot, Dloadper-tot - percentages of total pressure in dominant foot, NDloadper-tot - percentages of total pressure in nondominant foot, p<0.05*
- Table 4
- Comparison of traditional rehabilitation and cervical mobilization in all individuals.
Variables Traditional rehabilitation (n=12) Cervical mobilization (n=12) Pre-intervention Post-intervention Z p Pre-intervention Post-intervention Z p RT 40.71±51.96 46.68±41.37 1.33 0.18 44.12±50.30 66.75±52.37 2.54 0.01* SRT 13.90±11.20 19.83±10.83 2.93 0.00* 14.64±11.70 21.85±10.43 2.49 0.01* FRT 28.86±3.58 30.35±3.46 0.80 0.42 26.17±5.17 29.88±5.94 1.88 0.06 Maxipress 570.36±105.70 604.17±170.91 1.17 0.85 592.80±116.32 546.37±89.88 1.36 0.17 Averagepress 253.49±49.29 272.33±55.91 0.53 0.59 285.93±60.39 253.10±37.62 2.69 0.00* Dforeper 37.36±5.82 36.53±8.32 0.00 1.00 36.73±7.75 37.72±7.86 0.31 0.75 NDforeper 40.35±6.46 38.33±6.12 0.44 0.65 40.55±8.12 40.30±9.93 0.07 0.94 Drearper 62.36±5.82 63.46±8.32 0.00 1.00 63.26±7.75 62.27±7.86 0.31 0.75 NDrearper 59.64±6.46 61.66±6.12 0.44 0.65 59.44±8.12 59.69±9.93 0.70 0.94 Dloadper-tot 53.76±2.32 53.40±3.73 0.35 0.72 53.41±2.65 52.11±2.79 2.13 0.03* NDloadper-tot 46.23±2.32 46.60±3.73 0.35 0.72 46.58±2.65 47.88±2.79 2.13 0.03* RT - Romberg Test, SRT - Sharpened Romberg Test, FTR - Functional Reach Test, Maxipress - maxiumum pressure of foot, averagepress - mean pressure of foot, Dforeper - dominant-percentages of pressure in forefoot, NDforeper - nondominant-percentages of pressure in forefoot, Drearper - dominant-percentages of pressure in rearfoot, NDrearper - nondominant-percentages of pressure in rearfoot, Dloadper-tot - percentages of total pressure in dominant foot, NDloadper-tot - percentages of total pressure in nondominant foot, p<0.05
Technique Description of technique General Traction in CM The patient was supine, and whereas the Physiotherapist was seated, the Physiotherapist’s hands grasped the patient’s head. The force was applied with hands over the occiput in the ceiling direction with slight traction in the cranial direction. Segmental Traction in CM The patient was supine and whereas the Physiotherapist was seated. The Physiotherapist’s hands fixed the inferior vertebra, and the force was applied with the superior vertebra in the direction of the ceiling with slight traction in the cranial direction. Suboccipital Relaxation in CM The patient was supine, and whereas the Physiotherapist was seated, the patient’s head with the elbows resting on the surface of the table. The Physiotherapist’s fingers flexed, and finger pads positioned on the posterior arch of the atlas to allow the occiput to rest in the palm of hands. A force was applied with the finger pads over the atlas in the direction of the ceiling with slight traction in the cranial direction. Myofascial Relaxation for Levator Scapula in CM The patient was supine. The Physiotherapist was standing at the edge of the table. Physiotherapist used to active release technique. The ischemic compression is applied in the middle of the muscle during the muscle stretching. Myofascial Relaxation for Trapezius in CM The patient was side-lying. The Physiotherapist was standing at the edge of the table. Physiotherapist used to active release technique. The ischemic compression is applied in the middle of the muscle during the muscle stretching. Myofascial Relaxation for Scalenius in CM The patient was supine. The Physiotherapist was standing at the edge of the table. Physiotherapist used to active release technique. The ischemic compression is applied in the middle of the muscle during the muscle stretching. Segmental rotation mobilization in CM The patient was sitting and whereas the Physiotherapist was standing. The Physiotherapist’s hands grasped the patient’s head, and the inferior vertebra was fixed. The superior vertebra was rotated to the right and left direction by the Physiotherapist. Non-balance coordination exercise in TM The Physiotherapist was standing. The patient was asked to make voluntary movements for the upper and lower extremities on different grounds (stable and unstable surface etc.) Balance exercises in TM The Physiotherapist was standing to ensure safety. Static and dynamic balance exercises were trained on different sizes of the support surface and different surfaces. Strengthening exercises in TM The Physiotherapist was standing. Therabants were used to strengthen upper extremity muscles. The exercises were performed on different surfaces like bad, Bobath ball. The exercises were chosen according to the individual’s level. Stretching exercises in TM The patient was supine. The Physiotherapist was standing. Gastrocnemius, Hamstring and adductor muscles were stretched by Physiotherapist.
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