Sleep patterns and quality during summer and academic year among female university students

Sultan M. Alshahrani; Hana A. Alzuabi; Dalal H. Alkalthem; Ghada H. Alhadidi; Ghada M. Alrajhi

doi:10.17712/nsj.2024.4.20240024

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Figure 1
- Mean sleep hours in summer vacations and 4 weeks of the academic year.
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Figure 2
- Overall proportion of sleep quality in summer vacations and 4 weeks of the academic year.

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Table 1

- The Sociodemographic and other features of the respondents (n=385).

Variables	Frequency (n=385)	Percent (%)
Gender
Female	385	(100)
Age (Years)
18-24	352	(91.4)
25-30	24	(6.2)
31-35	2	(0.6)
>35	7	(1.8)
Nationality
Non-Saudi	7	(1.8)
Saudi	378	(98.2)
Marital Status
Divorced	6	(1.6)
Married	12	(3.1)
Single	365	(94.8)
Widow	2	(.5)
Education
Bachelor	346	(89.9)
Diploma	19	(4.9)
Post Graduate student(master/PhD)	20	(5.2)

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Table 2

- Sleep & Wake-up pattern and average sleeping hours in summer vacations and 4 weeks of the academic year.

Sleep pattern	Summer vacations n (%)	1^st Week n (%)	2^nd Week n (%)	3^rd Week n (%)	4^th Week n (%)
Sleeping Pattern
Before Midnight	127(32.9)	181(47.0)	183(47.5)	184(47.7)	172(44.6)
After Midnight	180(46.7)	144(37.4)	132(34.2)	116(30.1)	119(30.9)
After Fajr Time (Dawn)	76(19.7)	35(9.1)	37(9.6)	37(9.6)	34(8.8)
¹P-value in association with summer		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Wake-Up Pattern
Morning Time	194(50.3)	263(68.3)	259(76.6)	255(66.2)	243(63.1)
Afternoon Time	114(29.6)	30(7.7)	30(7.7)	30(7.7)	21(5.4)
Evening Time	73(18.9)	66(18.4)	61(17.4)	49(14.7)	51(16.2)
²P-value in association with summer		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Sleeping Hour
Mean±SD	8.97±2.6	6.86±2.5	6.94±2.2	6.85±2.4	7.01±2.7
³P-value in association with summer		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

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Table 3

- Sleep quality assessment with Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) in summer vacations and 4 weeks of the academic year.

Sleep Quality Scale (SQS)		Summer Vacations n (%)	1^st Week n (%)	2^nd Week n (%)	3^rd Week n (%)	4^th Week n (%)
Difficulty in Sleep	Always	24(6.2)	52(13.5)	31(8.1)	43(11.2)	44(11.4)
Difficulty in Sleep	^*p-value		<0.001^*	<0.001^*	<0.001^*	<0.001^*
Fall into Deep Sleep	Always	146(37.9)	72(18.7)	75(19.5)	72(18.7)	75(19.5)
Fall into Deep Sleep	^*p-value		<0.001^*	<0.001^*	<0.001^*	<0.001^*
Wake-up While sleeping	Always	42(10.9)	42(10.9)	36(9.4)	39(10.1)	41(10.6)
Wake-up While sleeping	^*p-value		0.087	0.493	0.080	0.126
Difficulty sleeping again if wake up at midnight	Always	30(7.8)	46(11.9)	42(10.9)	48(12.5)	42(10.9)
Difficulty sleeping again if wake up at midnight	^*p-value		<0.001^*	0.004^*	<0.001^*	<0.001^*
Wake up Easily due to Noise	Always	64(16.6)	62(16.1)	55(14.3)	67(17.4)	60(15.6)
Wake up Easily due to Noise	^*p-value		0.357	0.638	0.250	0.285
Toss and Turn During Sleep	Always	64(16.6)	64(16.6)	56(14.5)	57(14.8)	55(14.3)
Toss and Turn During Sleep	^*p-value		0.249	0.350	0.431	0.572
Never go back to sleep after wakeup	Always	11(2.9)	17(4.4)	18(4.7)	21(5.5)	18(4.7)
Never go back to sleep after wakeup	^*p-value		0.284	0.225	0.461	0.136
Feel refreshed after sleep	Always	94(24.4)	46(11.9)	45(11.7)	42(10.9)	47(12.2)
Feel refreshed after sleep	^*p-value		<0.001^*	<0.001^*	<0.001^*	<0.001^*
Feel unlikely to sleep after waking up	Always	61(15.8)	39(10.1)	36(9.4)	37(9.6)	38(9.9)
Feel unlikely to sleep after waking up	^*p-value		0.007^*	0.004^*	0.020^*	0.011^*
Headache due to Poor Sleep	Always	132(34.3)	126(32.7)	125(32.5)	125(32.5)	119(30.9)
Headache due to Poor Sleep	^*p-value		0.276	0.109	0.102	0.161
Irritability due to Poor Sleep	Always	117(30.4)	102(26.5)	97(25.2)	100(26.0)	95(24.7)
Irritability due to Poor Sleep	^*p-value		0.654	0.606	0.684	0.816
Like to Sleep more after waking up	Always	82(21.3)	112(29.1)	114(29.6)	110(28.6)	111(28.8)
Like to Sleep more after waking up	^*p-value		<0.001^*	<0.001^*	<0.001^*	<0.001^*
Enough Hours to Sleep	Always	140(36.4)	43(11.2)	39(10.1)	35(9.1)	36(9.4)
Enough Hours to Sleep	^*p-value		<0.001^*	<0.001^*	<0.001^*	<0.001^*
Poor Sleep Cause me to lose my appetite	Always	42(10.9)	31(8.1)	33(8.6)	30(7.8)	34(8.8)
Poor Sleep Cause me to lose my appetite	^*p-value		0.188	0.137	0.045	0.100
Poor sleep make hard for me to think	Always	81(21.0)	86(22.3)	85(22.1)	82(21.3)	79(20.5)
Poor sleep make hard for me to think	^*p-value		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.004
Feel Vigorous after Sleep	Always	54(14.0)	31(8.1)	22(5.7)	24(6.2)	24(6.2)
Feel Vigorous after Sleep	^*p-value		0.053	0.015^*	0.011^*	0.027^*
Poor Sleep Cause me to lose interest in work	Always	94(24.4)	87(22.6)	84(21.8)	76(19.7)	76(19.7)
Poor Sleep Cause me to lose interest in work	^*p-value		0.123	0.231	0.369	0.277
Fatigue relieved after sleep	Always	100(26.0)	62(16.1)	56(14.5)	58(15.1)	57(14.8)
Fatigue relieved after sleep	^*p-value		0.026^*	0.021^*	0.023^*	0.024^*
Poor Sleep Cause me to make mistake at work	Always	38(9.9)	38(9.9)	37(9.6)	38(9.9)	36(9.4)
Poor Sleep Cause me to make mistake at work	^*p-value		0.207	0.301	0.133	0.255
Satisfied with Sleep	Always	97(25.2)	38(9.9)	33(8.6)	35(9.1)	36(9.4)
Satisfied with Sleep	^*p-value		<0.001^*	<0.001^*	<0.001^*	<0.001^*
Poor sleep cause forget thing Easily	Always	68(17.7)	62(16.1)	63(16.4)	67(17.4)	65(16.9)
Poor sleep cause forget thing Easily	^*p-value		0.013	0.033	<0.001^*	0.003^*
Poor Sleep make hard to concentrate at work	Always	85(22.1)	87(22.6)	85(22.1)	87(22.6)	79(20.5)
Poor Sleep make hard to concentrate at work	^*p-value		<0.001^*	<0.001^*	<0.001^*	<0.001^*
Sleepiness interferes with daily Life	Always	60(15.6)	61(15.8)	55(14.3)	54(13.2)	51(13.2)
Sleepiness interferes with daily Life	^*p-value		<0.001	0.001	0.003	0.007
Lose desire in all things due to poor sleep	Always	64(16.6)	57(14.8)	55(14.3)	54(14.0)	52(13.5)
Lose desire in all things due to poor sleep	^*p-value		0.228	0.234	0.261	0.298
Difficult getting out from bed	Always	73(19.0)	81(21.0)	81(21.0)	76(19.7)	73(19.0)
Difficult getting out from bed	^*p-value		0.008^*	<0.001^*	<0.001^*	0.011^*
Poor Sleep cause easily tiredness at work	Always	93(24.2)	90(23.4)	86(22.3)	78(20.3)	79(20.5)
Poor Sleep cause easily tiredness at work	^*p-value		<0.001^*	<0.001^*	<0.001^*	0.002^*
Clear Head after Sleep	Always	108(28.1)	63(16.4)	57(14.8)	59(15.3)	59(15.3)
Clear Head after Sleep	^*p-value		0.015^*	0.016^*	0.012^*	0.023^*
Poor sleep makes my life painful	Always	68(17.7)	59(15.3)	61(15.8)	57(14.8)	53(13.8)
Poor sleep makes my life painful	^*p-value		0.285	0.486	0.541	0.569
Overall Sleep Score	Always	27(7.0)	28(7.3)	22(5.7)	25(6.5)	23(6.0)
Overall Sleep Score	^*p-value		0.023	0.074	0.280	0.229