Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Depression and anxiety among parents of phenylketonuria children

Mehmet Gunduz, Nur Arslan, Ozlem Unal, Sevim Cakar, Pınar Kuyum and Selda F. Bulbul
Neurosciences Journal October 2015, 20 (4) 350-356; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17712/nsj.2015.4.20150319

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Tables

  • Table 1

    Demographic data of the phenylketonuria patients and healthy controls.*

    Demographic dataPKU patients n=61Healthy controls n=36P-value
    Child’s age (years)6.5±5.46.6±4.80.654
    Child’s gender (M/F)32/2919/170.768
    Parental age (years)34.3±5.835.8±6.70.244
    Parental gender (M/F)18/437/290.340
    Mother’s education n (%)
     Elementary/high school26 (60.5)12 (41.4)0.150
     College/university17 (39.5)17 (58.6)
    Father’s education n (%)
     Elementary/high school5 (27.8)1 (14.3)0.637
     College/university13 (72.2)6 (85.7)
    Number of children2.1±0.82.0±0.30.742
    Household n (%)
     4 and/or fewer38 (62.2)19 (52.7)0.528
     Over 423 (37.7)17 (47.3)

    • ↵* All parents were married; marital status was not included, M-male, F-female, PKU - phenylketonuria

  • Table 2

    Mental disorders and current State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) and Beck depression inventory (BDI) scores of parents of the phenylketonuria (PKU) patients and healthy controls.

    ScoresPKU patients n=61Healthy controls n=36P-value
    Previous or current mental disorders of participants’ n (%)5 (9.1)0 (0)
    BDI score12.3±9.15.4±4.10.000
    STAI-S score38.2±9.631.8±7.60.001
    STAI-T score43.2±6.937.0±7.20.000
  • Table 3

    Scores of Beck depression and STAI inventories of parents of patients and healthy controls.

    ScoresPKU patientsHealthy controlsP-value*
    MotherFatherMotherFather
    BDI13.6±8.6†9.1±9.75.7±4.64.4±1.20.000
    STAI-S39.8±8.5†34.5±11.232.6±7.728.5±7.00.001
    STAI-T44.4±6.7†40.0±6.338.2±7.132.1±5.6‡0.000

    • BDI - Scores of Beck depression, STAI - State-trait anxiety

    • ↵* Kruskal Wallis test,

    • ↵† patients’ mother versus other groups, p<0.05 (Mann-Whitney U-test);

    • ↵‡ healthy controls’ father versus other groups, p<0.05 (Mann-Whitney U-test)

  • Table 4

    Association of parental education levels and STAI and BDI scores in phenylketonuria group.

    ScoresEducation levels of the parentsP-value
    Elementary/high schoolCollege/university
    BDI16.8±9.57.5±5.80.000
    STAI-S42.1±10.134.3±7.40.001
    STAI-T45.3±7.141.0±5.90.025
    STAI S-T - State-Trait Anxiety Inventory S-T,
    BDI - Scores of Beck depression
  • Table 5

    Logistic regression analysis between risk factors for the presence of depression, state- and trait anxiety in phenylketonuria group. CI - confidence interval, OR-- odds ratio

    VariablesDepressionState anxietyTrait anxiety
    OR (95%CI)P-valueOR (95%CI)P-valueOR (95%CI)P-value
    Education level of the parent9.96 (1.89-52.35)0.0076.99 (1.22-40.48)0.0301.16 (0.34-3.96)0.811
    Presence of mental retardation4.29 (0.87-20.39)0.0735.17 (0.94-28.44)0.0592.71 (0.66-11.05)0.162
    Difficulty in the supply of low-protein products due to the poverty2.25 (0.36-14.08)0.3832.18 (0.45-14.12)0.2981.49 (0.40-5.47)0.547
    Gender of the parent0.79 (0.12-5.23)0.8100.42 (0.03-4.69)0.4853.63 (0.89-14.78)0.071
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