Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1
Survey of Essential Elements Questionnaire (short version) domain scores utilized at TCs in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Domains statements Riyadh Dammam Bedaiyah Jeddah Taif Mean The TC perspective “Drug abuse” reflects general coping problems 5 5 4 4 5 4.6 “Drug abuse” rooted in developmental and psychological problems 4 4 3 3 4 3.6 “Recovery” involves global changes in identity, behavior, and lifestyle 4 4 4 4 5 4.2 Right living includes self-reliance and positive attitudes 4 4 4 4 5 4.2 The agency: treatment approach and structure Agency follows a daily structured routine 4 5 5 4 5 4.6 Treatment approach is centered on member participation 3 3 3 3 2 2.8 Staff functions as members of the community 3 4 3 3 4 3.4 Clients are members of the community 4 4 5 4 4 4.2 Educational classes are provided on health-related issues 4 3 3 4 4 3.6 Community as therapeutic agent Peers as gatekeepers protect community values 4 4 5 5 4 4.4 Peers provide mutual self-help 4 5 4 4 4 4.2 Daily activities emphasize community participation 3 4 4 4 3 3.6 Contact with outside community 4 4 5 4 4 4.2 Community hierarchical organization includes status and privileges 5 5 5 5 5 5 Community uses sanctions for norms violations 5 5 5 5 5 5 Periodic formal community surveillance 4 5 4 4 5 4.4 Educational and work activities Academic and/or vocational training is available 2 3 2 2 3 2.4 Life skills training is available 2 2 2 2 3 2.2 Work is an important part of the therapeutic program 3 3 4 3 3 3.2 Formal therapeutic elements Behavior is either reinforced or confronted 4 4 4 4 5 4.2 Frequent group activities reinforce community norms 3 4 4 3 4 3.6 Counselors are role models of community norms 3 4 3 3 4 3.4 Family members are included as part of therapy 3 3 2 3 3 2.8 Process Phase progression from orientation to primary to re-entry 5 5 5 5 5 5 Orientation focuses on client assimilating into the community 4 4 4 4 5 4.2 Primary treatment focuses on developing prosocial norms 3 3 3 3 3 3 Re-entry prepares client for transition to outside community 5 5 5 5 5 5 - Table 2
Mean Survey of Essential Elements Questionnaire (short version) dimension scores among TCs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Dimensions Riyadh Dammam Bedaiyah Jeddah Taif Overall Mean ANOVA Therapeutic communities perspective 4.25 (0.50) 4.25 (0.50) 3.75 (0.50) 3.75 (0.50) 4.75 (0.50) 4.15 (0.41) 0.082 Agency: treatment approach and structure 3.60 (0.55) 3.80 (0.84) 3.80 (1.10) 3.60 (0.55) 3.80 (1.10) 3.72 (0.70) 0.975 Community as therapeutic agent 4.14 (0.69) 4.57 (0.53) 4.57 (0.53) 4.43 (0.53) 4.29 (0.76) 4.40 (0.49) 0.689 Educational and work activities 2.33 (0.58) 2.67 (0.58) 2.67 (1.15) 2.33 (0.58) 3.00 (0.00) 2.60 (0.53) 0.586 Formal therapeutic elements 3.25 (0.50) 3.75 (0.50) 3.25 (0.96) 3.25 (0.50) 4.00 (0.82) 3.50 (0.58) 0.400 Process 4.25 (0.96) 4.25 (0.96) 4.25 (0.96) 4.25 (0.96) 4.50 (1.0) 4.30 (0.95) 0.983 No statistical significant value at 0.05, standard deviations are shown in parentheses, TC - therapeutic communities
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