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Clinical characteristics Mean±SD, n (%) Age (years) 61.7±8.7 ≤60 69 (53.1) >60 and ≤70 39 (30.0) >70 22 (16.9) Gender, n (%) Female 82 (63.1) Male 48 (36.9) Body mass index (kg/m2) 28.9±4.9 <25 26 (20.0) ≥25 and <30 48 (36.9) ≥30 56 (43.1) Hypertensive patients 100±76.9 SBP<140 mmHg and DBP<90 mmHg 46 (46.0) SBP≥140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg 54 (54.0) Age at onset of hypertension (years) 55.3±10.0 Duration of hypertension (years) 7.0±6.0 Anti-hypertensive treatment No treatment 15 (15.0) Monotherapy 24 (24.0) Combination therapy 61 (61.0) DBP - diastolic blood pressure, SBP - systolic blood pressure, SD - standard deviation
- Table 2
Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE) scores and cognitive ability among Internal Medicine Outpatients.
SMMSE scores Mean±SD Total score 25.3±3.4 Component scores Orientation 4.1±1.0 Registration 3.0±0.2 Attention and calculation 4.1±1.3 Recalling 1.5±1.0 Language 7.5±0.7 Constructional ability 0.6±0.5 Cognitive ability n (%) Moderate cognitive impairment (scores 13-20) 13 (10.0) Mild cognitive impairment (scores of 21-25) 38 (29.2) Normal (scores ≥ 26) 79 (60.8) - Table 3
Standardized mini-mental state examination scores with respect to study variables among Internal Medicine Outpatients.
Study variables Total Orientation Registration Attention and calculation Recalling Language Constructional ability Median (IQR) Gender Male, n=48 26.0 (4.0) 5.0 (1.0) 3.0 (0.0) 4.0 (1.0) 1.0 (1.0) 7.0 (1.0) 1.0 (1.0) Female n=82 26.0 (4.0) 4.0 (2.0) 3.0 (0.0) 5.0 (1.0) 2.0 (1.0) 8.0 (1.0) 1.0 (1.0) p=0.690 p=0.002 p=0.498 p=0.434 p=0.044 p=0.183 p=0.455 Age ≤60 years n=69 27.0 (2.0) 5.0 (1.0) 3.0 (0.0) 5.0 (1.0) 2.0 (1.0) 8.0 (1.0) 1.0 (1.0) >60 years n=61 25.0 (5.0) 4.0 (2.0) 3.0 (0.0) 5.0 (1.0) 1. 0 (2.0) 7.0 (1.0) 0.0 (1.0) p<0.001 p=0.009 p=0.008 p=0.806 p<0.001 p<0.001 p<0.001 BMI category <25 kg/m2n=26 26.0 (6.0) 4.0 (1.0) 3.0 (0.0) 4.0 (1.0) 1.0 (1.0) 8.0 (1.0) 1.0 (1.0) ≥25 kg/m2n=104 26.0 (3.5) 4.0 (1.0) 3.0 (0.0) 5.0 (1.0) 2.0 (1.0) 8.0 (1.0) 1.0 (1.0) p=0.758 p=0.726 p=0.835 p=0.332 p=0.205 p=0.672 p=0.860 Hypertension Yes n=100 26.0 (4.0) 5.0 (1.0) 3.0 (0.0) 5.0 (1.0) 2.0 (1.0) 8.0 (1.0) 1.0 (1.0) No n=30 27.0 (3.0) 4.0 (1.5) 3.0 (0.0) 4.0 (1.0) 2.0 (1.0) 8.0 (1.0) 1.0 (1.0) p=0.106 p=0.166 p=0.171 p=0.435 p=0.169 p=0.778 p=0.083 Treatment None n=15 26.0 (5.0) 4.0 (2.0) 3.0 (0.0) 5.0 (1.0) 1.0 (2.0) 7.0 (1.0) 0.0 (1.0) Monotherapy n=24 26.0 (5.0) 4.0 (2.0) 3.0 (0.0) 5.0 (2.0) 2.0 (1.0) 7.0 (1.0) 1.0 (1.0) Combination therapy n=61 27.0 (4.0) 4.0 (1.0) 3.0 (0.0) 5.0 (1.0) 2.0 (1.0) 8.0 (1.0) 1.0 (1.0) p=0.160 p=0.593 p=0.360 p=0.939 p=0.532 p=0.042 p=0.540 BMI - body mass index, IQR - interquartile range
- Table 4
Mutually adjusted multivariate linear regression analysis of factors potentially predicting SMMSE scores among internal medicine outpatients.
SMMSE score Age (years) *Gender BMI **Hypertension LR coefficient (%95 CI) Total −0.20 (−0.26/−0.14) −1.27 (−2.36/−0.18) 0.05 (−0.06/0.16) −0.33 (−1.56/0.91) p-value <0.001 0.023 0.406 0.598 Orientation −0.05 (−0.06/−0.03) −0.72 (−1.04/−0.40) 0.01 (−0.02/0.05) −0.18 (-0.55/0.19) p-value <0.001 <0.001 0.415 0.332 Registration −0.01 (−0.01/−0.002) 0.01 (−0.06/0.09) −0.004 (−0.01/0.004) −0.03 (−0.12/0.05) p-value 0.003 0.724 0.354 0.462 Attention and calculation −0.01 (−0.04/0.01) −0.07 (−0.55/0.41) 0.03 (−0.02/0.08) 0.04 (−0.51/0.58) p-value 0.341 0.771 0.228 0.895 Recalling −0.03 (−0.05/−0.02) 0.17 (−0.16/0.51) 0.02 (−0.02/0.05) −0.22 (−0.61/0.16) p-value <0.001 0.308 0.293 0.248 Language −0.02 (−0.04/−0.01) 0.07 (−0.17/0.31) −0.01 (−0.03/0.02) 0.01 (−0.26/0.28) p-value <0.001 0.587 0.591 0.925 Constructional ability −0.02 (−0.03/−0.01) −0.12 (−0.29/0.05) −0.01 (−0.03/0.01) −0.09 (−0.29/0.10) p-value <0.001 0.176 0.300 0.351
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