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- Table 1
Characteristics of patients according to the incidence of seizures within 7 days after craniotomy for primary brain tumor resection.
Variables All patients N=193 Post-craniotomy sz N=27 No postoperative sz N=166 P-value Age (years), mean±SD 45.7±15.4 44.7±16.7 46.0±15.2 0.69** Male Gender, N (%) 125 (64.8) 17 (63.0) 108 (65.1) 0.83 BMI (Kg/m2), mean±SD 30.2±7.2 32.8±7.3 29.7±7.2 0.053** APACHE II score, mean±SD 12.8±5.9 12.9±4.1 12.8±6.3 0.12** Comorbid conditions N(%)Hypertension 55 (28.5) 10 (37.0) 45 (27.1) 0.29 Diabetes 55 (28.5) 6 (22.2) 49 (29.5) 0.44 Preoperative seizures* 69 (35.8) 15 (55.6) 54 (32.5) 0.04 N(%)Generalized 31 (57.1) 8 (57.1) 23 (57.5) 0.68 Focal Status 21 (38.9) 6 (42.9) 15 (37.5) epilepticus 2 (3.7) 0 (0) 2 (5.0) Preoperative antiepileptic drugs N(%) 101(52.3) 16 (59.3) 85 (51.2) 0.57 Primary prevention 32 (16.6) 1 (3.7) 31 (18.7) 0.054 Secondary prevention 69 (35.8) 15 (55.6) 54 (32.5) 0.04 No antiepileptic drugs 92 (47.7) 11 (40.7) 81 (48.8) 0.57 Tumor histology N(%) 0.33 Low-grade glioma 23 (11.9) 3 (11.1) 20 (12.0) High-grade glioma 33 (17.1) 4 (14.8) 29 (17.5) Meningioma 113 (58.5) 17 (63.0) 96 (57.8) Others 24 (12.4) 3 (11.1) 21 (12.6) Tumor location N(%) Frontal involvement 53 (27.5) 9 (33.3) 44 (26.5) 0.61 Parietal involvement 44 (22.8) 5 (18.5) 39 (23.4) 0.75 Temporal involvement 27 (14.0) 4 (14.8) 23 (13.9) 1.0 Skull base 32 (16.6) 3 (11.1) 29 (17.5) 0.58 Posterior fossa 38 (19.7) 2 (7.4) 36 (21.7) 0.12 Tumor site N(%) 0.40 Right 76 (39.4) 12 (44.4) 64 (38.6) Left 86 (44.6) 9 (33.3) 77 (46.4) Central 31 (16.1) 6 (22.2) 25 (15.1) Tumor size/ diameter (cm) 4.1±1.6 3.5±1.5 4.2±1.6 0.07** Characteristics of surgery N(%) Subtotal resection 54 (28.0) 6 (22.2) 48 (28.9) 0.46 Re-do craniotomy 40 (20.7) 5 (18.5) 35 (21.1) 0.76 Surgery duration (hrs), mean ± SD 4.69±2.52 4.41±1.72 4.74±2.63 0.53† Laboratory data on the day ICU admission/ seizure, mean±SD Blood glucose (mmol/L) 9.2±3.5 9.3±4.0 9.1±3.4 0.86 BUN (mmol/L) 4.4±2.2 4.9±2.9 4.3±2.1 0.29 Creatinine (µmol/L) 66.6±17.4 68.0±17.2 66.4±17.6 0.70 Sodium (mmol/L) 138±4 138±3 138±4 0.41 Calcium (mmol/L) 2.00±0.29 1.98±0.29 2.01±0.29 0.66 Magnesium (mmol/L) 0.75±0.14 0.74±0.12 0.75±0.15 0.71 Phosphorous (mmol/L) 1.30±0.35 1.30±0.38 1.30±0.35 0.95 Phenytoin (µmoI/L) 46.0±28.2 45.1±24.0 46.3±29.6 0.90* AED - antiepileptic drug, APACHE - Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, BMI - body mass index, BUN - Blood urea nitrogen, ICU - intensive care unit, Sz - seizure,
↵* seizure characteristics available for 54 patients,
↵** equality of variance > 0.05,
↵† equality of variance < 0.05,p-value of the Mann-Whitney Test (non-parametric)=0.08
- Table 2
Outcomes of patients according to the incidence of seizures within 7 days after craniotomy for primary brain tumor resection.
Outcomes All patients N=193 Post-craniotomy sz N=27 No postoperative sz N=166 P-value Hospital mortality N(%) 19 (9.8) 4 (14.8) 15 (9.0) 0.31 ICU mortality N(%) 4 (2.1) 1 (3.7) 3 (1.8) 0.46 ICU LOS (days), mean±SD 4.0±5.6 2.9±4.0 4.0±5.8 0.27** Hospital LOS (days), mean±SD 44.2±56.4 40.1±48.1 44.8±57.8 0.68* Duration of MV (days), mean±SD 1.6±3.3 1.7±3.9 1.6±3.2 0.82* Reintubation within 7 days N(%) 10 (5.2) 1 (3.7) 9 (5.4) 1.0 Hospital-acquired pneumonia N(%) 3 (1.6) 0 (0) 3 (1.8) 1.0 Tracheostomy N(%) 20 (10.4) 3 (11.1) 17 (10.2) 1.0 Venous thromboembolism N(%) 10 (5.2) 1 (3.7) 9 (5.4) 1.0 Pulmonary embolism N(%) 5 (2.6) 0 (0) 5 (3.0) 1.0 Deep venous thrombosis N(%) 7 (3.6) 1 (3.7) 6 (3.6) 1.0 Steven Johnson syndrome N(%) 1 (0.5) 0 (0) 1 (0.6) 1.0
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