Renal dysfunction as a predictor of acute stroke outcomes

Article Figures & Data

Table 1

Baseline patients characteristics according to eGFR categories.

Characteristics	Estimated GFR (eGFR) Levels		Total n (%)	P-value^*
Characteristics	eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m²	eGFR ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m²	Total n (%)	P-value^*
Overall percentage in sample	596 (82.0)	131 (18.0)	727 (100)
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m², mean±SD	94.08±19.296	43.27±14.094
Age, years, mean±SD	58.22±13.07	63.31±12.50		0.187
*Gender*				0.878
Male	409 (68.6)	89 (31.4)	498 (68.5)
Female	187 (67.9)	42 (32.1)	229 (31.5)
*Type of stroke*				0.349
Ischemic stroke	523 (87.8)	111 (84.7)	634 (87.2)
Hemorrhagic stroke	73 (12.2)	20 (15.3)	93 (12.8)
*Vascular comorbidities*
Hypertension	481 (80.7)	123 (93.9)	604 (83.1)	0.000
Diabetes	393 (65.9)	107 (81.7)	500 (68.8)	0.000
Dyslipidemia	457 (76.7)	106 (80.9)	563 (77.4)	0.293
History of Ischemic heart disease	95 (15.9)	39 (29.8)	134 (18.4)	0.000
Atrial Fibrillation	46 (7.7)	18 (13.7)	64 (8.8)	0.028
Smoking	106 (17.8)	21 (16.0)	127 (17.5)	0.632
Baseline NIHSS on admission, mean±SD	5.33±5.79	5.69±6.630		0.532
*Baseline NIHSS category^{^‡}*				0.060
Mild stroke ≤5 (Intact neurologically at baseline)	385 (65.5)	80 (64.5)	465 (65.3)
Moderate stroke 6-14 (Moderate neurological impairment at baseline)	141 (24.0)	31 (25.0)	172 (24.2)
Severe stroke >14 (Severe neurological impairment at baseline)	62 (10.5)	13 (10.5)	75 (10.5)
*Baseline mRS category^{^†}*				0.010
No disability to mild disability (mRS 0-2)	562 (95.4)	112 (89.6)	674 (94.4)
Moderate to severe disability (mRS 3-6)	27 (4.6)	13 (10.4)	40 (5.6)

↵* p-value indicates eGFR> 60 compared with eGFR≤60. T-tests was used to compare means. Chi-square test was used to compare categories,
↵‡ missing in 15 cases, analysis carried out on 712 cases,
↵† missing in 13 cases, analysis carried out on 714 cases, mRS - Modified Rankin Scale, NIHSS - National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score, eGFR - glomerular filtration rate, Values are expressed as numbers and percentage n (%),

Table 2

Outcome measures amongst eGFR groups.

Outcomes	Estimated GFR (eGFR) levels		p-value	Adjusted OR	OR, 95% C. I. (Lower – Upper)
Outcomes	>60 mL/min/1.73 m² (n=596)	≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m² (n=131)	p-value	Adjusted OR	OR, 95% C. I. (Lower – Upper)
Death	17 (2.9)	14 (10.7)	0.002	3.772	(1.609 – 8.844)
Composite outcome	147 (24.7)	56 (42.7)	0.009	1.781	(1.153 – 2.751)
*In hospital complications*
Pneumonia	37 (6.2)	8 (6.1)	0.733	0.866	(0.380 – 1.976)
UTI	30 (5.0)	17 (13.0)	0.043	2.047	(1.024 – 4.093)
VTE (DVT/PE)	12 (2.0)	1 (0.8)	0.224	0.267	(0.032– 2.243)
Fall	15 (2.5)	1 (0.8)	0.220	0.276	(0.035 – 2.158)
Bedsore	4 (0.7)	5 (3.8)	0.097	3.466	(0.800 – 15.010)
Recurrence of stroke/ TIA	59 (9.9)	22 (16.8)	0.180	1.476	(0.835 – 2.609)
Neurological deterioration	38 (6.4)	14 (10.7)	0.243	1.514	(0.755 – 3.038)
*mRS disability category post-stroke at discharge*
Mildly disabled (0-2)	406 (72.6)	71 (61.7)	0.010
Moderately to severely disabled (3-6)	153 (27.4)	44 (38.3)	0.010
NIHSS value at discharge, mean±SD	4.18±7.567	7.14±11.882	0.011
*NIHSS severity category at discharge*
Mild stroke (≤ 5)	448 (80.1)	83 (72.2)	0.011
Moderate stroke (6 - 14)	63 (11.3)	18 (15.7)
Severe stroke (>14)	48 (8.6)	14 (12.2)

eGFR - estimated glomerular filtration rate, UTI - urinary track infection, VTE - venous thromboembolism, DVT - deep venous thrombosis, PE - pulmonary embolism, TIA - transient ischemic attacks, mRS - modified Rankin Scale, NIHSS - National Institute of Health Stroke Score, Values are expressed as numbers and percentage n (%)