Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Radiological measurements of different parameters. TFC - transverse foramen on coronal image; FZ- free zone defined as the distance between the lateral border of the pedicle and medial border of vertebral artery (safe zone for pedicle screw insertion); PD - cervical pedicle diameter at the level of isthmus; SCDC - spinal canal diameter on coronal image; SCDS - spinal canal diameter on sagittal image, LTF - longitudinal diameter of transverse foramen, TTF - transverse diameter of transverse foramen, SCLD - spinal canal longitudinal diameter, SCTD - spinal canal transverse diameter, LDVA - longitudinal diameter of vertebral artery, TDVA - transverse diameter of vertebral artery
- Figure 2
Vertebral artery entry to the transverse foramina of the cervical spine at different levels within the same patients. Image A shows VA entry at C6 level on the left side and at C4 level on the right side. Image B shows another patient with VA entry at C5 level on the left side and at C6 level on the right side.
Tables
Level C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 Overall bilateral Right Left P-value Overall bilateral Right Left P-value Overall bilateral Right Left P-value Overall bilateral Right Left P-value Overall bilateral Right Left P-value Mean ± SD TTF (mm) 6.09±0.68 6.01±0.81 6.17±0.77 0.160 5.90±0.74 5.72±0.98 6.08±0.84 0.021 5.81±0.76 5.66±0.97 5.94±0.97 0.108 5.89±0.77 5.82±1.1 5.94±1.1 0.610 3.90±1.48 3.81±1.6 3.98±1.8 0.486 LTF (mm) 5.22±0.52 5.13±0.72 5.3±0.63 0.174 5.22±0.58 5.12±0.83 5.32±0.67 0.150 5.50±0.75 5.43±1.0 5.57±0.89 0.424 5.82±0.77 5.75±1.1 5.87±1.1 0.618 4.08±1.14 3.96±1.4 4.21±1.6 0.374 PD (mm) 4.29±0.81 4.36±0.95 4.21±0.89 0.238 4.30±0.75 4.34±0.91 4.26±0.86 0.519 4.69±0.75 4.78±0.90 4.60±0.84 0.155 5.44±3.63 5.01±7.2 5.86±7.0 0.389 5.78±1.02 5.88±1.07 5.68±1.1 0.146 SD - standard deviation, TTF - transverse diameter of transverse foramen, LTF - longitudinal diameter of transverse foramen, PD - cervical pedicle diameter at the level of isthmus
- Table 2
Spinal canal diameter variability between males and females at different cervical spine levels.
Level SCTD SCLD Mean±SD (mm) P-value Mean±SD (mm) P-value All patients Male Female All patients Male Female C3 23.57±1.99 23.75±1.51 23.15±2.85 0.332 14.33±1.55 14.65±1.49 13.60±1.45 0.027 C4 24.27±1.74 24.65±1.69 23.39±1.56 0.017 13.78±2.27 14.34±1.74 12.45±2.85 0.006 C5 24.97±1.72 25.44±1.57 23.87±1.59 0.002 14.0±1.88 14.58±1.79 12.81±1.47 0.002 C6 25.07±1.58 25.49±1.55 24.08±1.21 0.003 14.29±2.04 14.88±2.05 12.93±1.21 0.001 C7 24.46±1.8 24.78±1.54 23.82±2.16 0.094 14.62±1.67 14.97±1.58 13.88±1.66 0.035 SD - standard deviation, SCTD - spinal canal transverse diameter, SCLD - spinal canal longitudinal diameter
Level C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 Overall bilateral Right Left P-value Overall bilateral Right Left P-value Overall bilateral Right Left P-value Overall bilateral Right Left P-value Overall bilateral Right Left P-value TDVA (mm) 3.58±0.63 3.42±0.82 3.75±0.69 0.010 3.65±0.65 3.45±0.95 3.85±0.74 0.016 3.70±0.67 3.57±0.90 3.82±0.75 0.089 3.62±0.61 3.54±0.89 3.69±0.70 0.288 3.83±0.76 3.73±1.1 3.93±0.76 0.262 LDVA (mm) 3.30±±0.62 3.15±0.88 3.46±0.63 0.020 3.38±0.56 3.22±0.90 3.54±0.56 0.029 3.59±0.63 3.51±0.92 3.68±0.67 0.226 3.66±0.70 3.57±0.97 3.74±0.76 0.236 3.75±0.76 3.59±0.99 3.89±0.82 0.039 FZ (mm) 0.98±0.25 1.01±0.34 0.95±0.32 0.397 0.95±0.27 0.93±0.31 0.96±0.34 0.659 1.16±0.63 1.04±0.41 1.27±1.2 0.218 0.99±0.41 0.94±0.29 1.05±0.71 0.313 N/A N/A N/A N/A TDVA/ TTF (%) 58.78±8.36 56.84 ±11.53 60.72 ±8.54 0.021 61.66±7.98 59.99±12.55 63.32±8.59 0.120 64.29±11.35 63.68±17.01 64.89±12.59 0.671 63.09±13.15 61.86 ±17.48 64.32±19.54 0.514 N/A N/A N/A N/A SD - standard deviation; TDVA - transverse diameter of vertebral artery; LDVA - longitudinal diameter of vertebral artery; FZ - Free zone (see text for definition); N/A - not applicable
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