Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Pediatric intracranial hypertension

Experience from 2 Tertiary Centers

Fahad A. Bashiri, Hissah K. Al Abdulsalam, Saeed M. Hassan, Waleed A. Al Twaijri, Fuad I. Almalki, Amal Y. Kentab, Muddathir H. Hamad, Ali H. Alwadei, Daniah A. Al-Showaeir, Ikhlass S. Altweijri, Haifa M. Aldabjan, Moudi S. Aldegether, Abdulrahman A. Albakr, Wajda M. Alhothali, Abdulrazag M. Ajlan, Hamdy H. Hassan and Mustafa A. Salih
Neurosciences Journal October 2019, 24 (4) 257-263; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17712/nsj.2019.4.20190052

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • Figure 1
    Figure 1

    Fundus photographs of a 9-year-old girl showing her optic nerves. A) At presentation, the right and left optic nerves show papilledema. B) The right and left optic discs with resolving papilledema a few months later after medical treatment.

  • Figure 2
    Figure 2

    Fundus photographs of a 12-year-old girl showing her optic nerves. A) At presentation, the right and left optic nerves show papilledema with peripapillary flame-shaped hemorrhages seen in the right eye indicating an acute process. B) Flat right and left optic discs a few months after medical treatment.

  • Figure 3
    Figure 3

    MRI Brain and orbit for a 10-year-old girl with primary IH. MRI sagittal T1WI brain. A) showing partial empty sella (white arrow). Axial T2 fat saturation for orbits, B&C) showing flattening of posterior sclera and prominence of the optic nerve head (black arrow) as well as tortuosity of optic nerve and prominent perioptic nerve sheath (white arrow).

Tables

  • Table 1

    Demographics of the participants.

    Demographicsn (%)
    Age (prepubertal group)
    <1 year3 (7.31)
    1-6 years20 (48.78)
    >6 years18 (43.9)
    Sex (total group)
    Male23 (43.4)
    Female30 (56.6)
    BMI (total group)
    Normal36 (69.2)
    Overweight7 (13.5)
    Obese7 (13.5)
    Asymptomatic Papilledema16 (30.2)
    Symptomatic Papilledema35 (66.0)
  • Table 2

    Associated conditions and medications (Secondary Intracranial Hypertension).

    Associated conditionsn (%)
    Vitamin D deficiency12 (22.6)
    Craniosynostosis4 (7.5)
    Down syndrome4 (7.5)
    ADHD2 (3.8)
    Spina bifida2 (3.8)
    Achondroplasia1 (1.9)
    Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia1 (1.9)
    Atrioseptal Defect1 (1.9)
    Autoimmune thyroiditis1 (1.9)
    Bronchial asthma1 (1.9)
    Cataract1 (1.9)
    Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI1 (1.9)
    Middle East Syndrome1 (1.9)
    Minimal change disease1 (1.9)
    MLC 1 gene mutation1 (1.9)
    Obstructive sleep apnoea1 (1.9)
    Epilepsy during infancy1 (1.9)
    Retinitis pigmentosa1 (1.9)
    Skeletal dysplasia1 (1.9)
    Subaortic stenosis1 (1.9)
    Sagittal “Dural” sinus thrombosis1 (1.9)
    Medications
    Carbamazepine2 (3.77)
    Growth hormone1 (1.9)
    Steroid1 (1.9)
    Cyclosporin1 (1.9)
    Methotrexate1 (1.9)
    ADHD - Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
  • Table 3

    Surgical treatment and recurrence.

    Surgical treatment & recurrencen (%)
    Surgical treatment
    Yes3 (5.7)
    No50 (94.3)
    Recurrence
    Yes7 (13.2)
    No46 (86.8)
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