Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Examination of the effects of coordination and balance problems on gait in ataxic multiple sclerosis patients

Fatma Erdeo, Yeliz Salci, Ulvi Uca Ali and Kadriye Armutlu
Neurosciences Journal October 2019, 24 (4) 269-277; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17712/nsj.2019.4.20190038

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Tables

  • Table 1

    Distribution of descriptive characteristics by groups.

    CharacteristicsCGn=24BGn=36HGn=32P-value
    Mean±SD
    Age (years)41.54±10.2340.64±8.6342.25±10.810.644
    Height (m)1.66±0.091.65±0.101.67±0.070.196
    Weight (kg)64.79±10.8266.25±11.7569.50±8.720.206
    BMI (kg/m2)23.63±4.6324.37±4.0724.95±3.400.483
    Gender n(%)
    Male8 (33.3)9 (25.0)13 (40.6)0.389
    Female16 (66.7)27 (75.0)19 (59.4)
    SD - standard deviation, BMI - Body Mass Index, CG - coordination group, BG - balance group, HG - healthy group,*p<0.005
  • Table 2

    Comparison of descriptive measurements results between groups.

    Descriptive measurementsCG N=24BG N=36HG N=32P-value
    Mean±SD
    EDSS3.92±0.693.89±0.76----0.804
    Functional Reach(cm)27.38±3.5519.80±3.995.9080.000*
    ICARS Total26.42±8.3824.86±5.94----0.540
    Oscillation Length: Eyes open (mm)303.53±189.99431.58±220.00196.63±144.770.000*
    Oscillation Length: Eyes closed (mm)359.77±204.92609.28±352.61218.45±158.270.000*
    Romberg105.98±81.64299.74±228.14154.02±206.090.000*
    DGI16,25±5,6413,14±5,46------0,037*
    SD - standard deviation, EDSS - Expanded Disability Status Scale, DYI -Dinamik Gait jndex, CG - coordination group, BG - balance group, HG - healthy group,*p<0.005
  • Table 3

    Comparison of the spatiotemporal parameters of Gait.

    ParametersCG N=40 feetBG N=72 feetHGN=64 feet*P-value
    Mean±SD
    Velocity(m/s)0.44±0.280.59±0.260.71±.130.000*
    Foot angle (°)10.63±4.6812.31±4.6314.13±3.800.000*
    Step width (cm)13.50±5.6411.27±6.3410.46±2.860.018*
    Step length (cm)29.92±18.4232.89±15.5644.46±8.100.000*
    Cadence (step/per min)31.87±17.6640.33±17.7652.06±16.940.000*
    Stance time (s)0.74±0.520.74±0.280.77±0.120.529
    SD - standard deviation, *p<0.005, CG - coordination group, BG - balance group, HG - healthy group
  • Table 4

    Pairwise comparison of the spatiotemporal parameters of Gait in healthy individuals and ataxia types.

    Parameters (Dependent variables)Group(I)Group 2(J)Mean Difference(group 1-2)P-value
    Velocity(m/s)CGBG-0.150.012*
    CGHG-0.270.000*
    BGHG-0.120.011*
    Foot angle(°)CGBG-1,680.126
    CGHG-3,50*0.000*
    BGHG-1,82*0.043*
    Step width(cm)CGBG2.230.017*
    CGHG3.040.003*
    BGHG0.810.887
    Step length(cm)CGBG-2.980.614
    CGHG-14.550.000*
    BGHG-11.570.035*
    Cadence (step/per min)CGBG-8.460.004*
    CGHG-20.190.000*
    BGHG-11.730.000*
    Stance time(s)Post hoc analysis was not performed since a difference was not found in the primary analysis
    *p<0.005, CG - coordination group, BG - balance group, HG - healthy group
  • Table 5

    Comparison of dynamic and static plantar pressure of individuals with MS and healthy individuals.

    Dynamic foot analysisCGn=40 feetBGn=72 feetHGn=64 feetP-value
    Mean±SD
    Forefoot pressure: Lateral (g/cm2)40.80±2.3240.42±2.7343.56±5.050.002*
    Forefoot pressure: Medial (g/cm2)55.05±5.2954.07±6.4458.87±4.240.000*
    Midfoot pressure: Lateral(g/cm2)73.73±13.9273.43±13.6968.69±14.730.136
    Midfoot pressure: Medial (g/cm2)27.52±13.7226.57±13.6929.14±14.360.584
    Hindfoot pressure: Lateral(g/cm2)53.34±3.5154.66±5.0050.99±4.960.001*
    Hindfoot pressure: Medial (g/cm2)49.98±5.5948.00±4.9945.79±4.510.002*
    Static foot analysis
    Forefoot pressure: Lateral (g/cm2)44.40±7.6943.36±12.3352.64±13.970.002*
    Forefoot pressure: Medial (g/cm2)54.55±9.0749.90±17.0948.96±13.260.218
    Midfoot pressure: Lateral (g/cm2)50.53±46.6654.53±46.3661.60±41.620.584
    Midfoot pressure: Medial (g/cm2)6.45±14.766.06±12.9310.15±16.030.359
    Hindfoot pressure: Lateral(g/cm2)52.78±7.3544.15±15.5744.09±12.170.000*
    Hindfoot pressure: Medial (g/cm2)47.17±9.9349.43±12.9755.83±10.610.000*
    SD - standard deviation, *p<0.005, CG - coordination group, BG - balance group, HG - healthy group
  • Table 6

    Pairwise comparison of the dynamic footh analyses.

    Dynamic foot analysisGroup 1Group 2Mean difference (group 1-2)*p-value
    Forefoot pressure: LateralCGBG.380.732
    CGHG-2.750.012*
    BGHG-3.140.001*
    Forefoot pressure: MedialCGBG.970.782
    CGHG-3.820.000*
    BGHG-4.790.000*
    Hindfoot pressure: LateralCGBG-1.310.410
    CGHG2.350.005*
    BGHG3.660.000*
    Hindfoot pressure:MedialCGBG1.980.089
    CGHG4.190.001*
    BGHG2.200.016*
    Static foot analysis
    Forefoot pressure: LateralCGBG1.040.995
    CGHG-8.240.005*
    BGHG-9.280.001*
    Hindfoot pressure: LateralCGBG8.630.002*
    CGHG8.690.000*
    BGHG.060.403
    Hindfoot pressure: MedialCGBG-2.260.069
    CGHG-8.660.000*
    BGHG-6.400.018*
    *p<0.005, CG - coordination group, BG - balance group, HG - healthy group
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