Factors affecting functional outcomes of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation at a rehabilitation facility in Saudi Arabia

Article Figures & Data

Table 1

Descriptive statistics for categorical variables (N=140)

Table 2

Comorbidities and complications associated with traumatic brain injury in 140 patients

Comorbidities and complications	n (%)
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus	3 (2.1)
Respiratory disease	10 (7.1)
Chronic Kidney Disease	5 (3.6)
Hypertension	6 (4.3)
Heart Disease	3 (2.1)
Complications
Fractures other than the skull	101 (72.1)
Seizures	40 (28.5)
Dysautonomia	3 (2.1)
Heterotopic ossification	48 (34.3)
Cranial nerve involvement	60 (42.9)
Contractures	71 (50.7)
Deep vein thrombosis	3 (2.1)
Pulmonary embolism	4 (2.9)
Movement disorder	3 (2.1)
Mental disorders	82 (59.9)
Pressure ulcer	23 (16.4)
Associated spinal cord injury	4 (2.9)

Table 3

Correlations of different factors with Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores and change (n=140).

Variables	FIM at admission		FIM at discharge		FIM Change
Variables	r^*	^**P-value	r	P-value	r	P-value
Age	−0.244	0.004	−0.330	<0.001	−0.140	0.100
Gender	0.057	0.507	0.027	0.757	−0.042	0.628
Employment status	0.184	0.029	0.252	0.003	0.115	0.178
Education level	−0.044	0.604	−0.044	0.609	0.003	0.973
Occupation	0.107	0.206	0.158	0.063	0.073	0.393
Marital status	0.150	0.076	0.182	0.032	0.052	0.545
Cause of injury	0.070	0.412	0.104	0.221	0.061	0.478
Body site affected	−0.292	<0.001	−0.318	<0.001	−0.074	0.384
Initial GCS score in the emergency department	0.118	0.166	0.128	0.130	0.024	0.780
Coma duration in days	−0.340	<0.001	−0.340	<0.001	−0.028	0.740
Time from injury to admission in days	−0.101	0.234	−0.253	0.003	−0.250	0.003
Length of stay in days	−0.589	<0.001	−0.622	<0.001	−0.100	0.242
FIM at admission	1	-	0.791	<0.001	−0.253	0.003
FIM at discharge	0.791	<0.001	1	-	0.390	<0.001
FIM change	−0.253	0.003	0.390	<0.001	1	-