Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Timeline of the first case. The patient shunted since infancy, presented later with abdominal distension, headache and decrease oral intake.Repositioning of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) to virgin area in the abdomen. CSF: cerebrospinal fluid
- Figure 2
Seven-year-old female with progressive abdominal distension. A) Frontal radiograph showing large mid-abdominal opacity (asterisk) displacing the air-filled bowel laterally (arrows). Part of the shunt is in the mid abdomen (arrowhead). B) Axial enhanced computed tomography showing a large loculated fluid (asterisk) displacing the bowels laterally (arrows). The shunt is seen within the fluid (arrowhead). C) Axial unenhanced computed tomography showing intraventricular location of the shunt (arrow) with no hydrocephalus.
- Figure 3
Intraoperative images for first case. A) walls of the pseudocyst (arrowhead). B) The collected fluid evacuated from the pseudocyst (indicated by the arrow) C) Laparoscopic view from inside the cyst with remaining fluid after aspiration (arrowhead).
- Figure 4
Timeline of the second case. Five years old child shunted since birth, presented with fever and vomiting for 2 days. Laparoscopic externalization of the distal tip of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS).
- Figure 5
Five-year-old female with fever and vomiting. A) Axial enhanced computed tomography showing complex fluid collections (arrows) with multiple septa (arrowheads) displacing the bowel loops (asterisk). B) Ultrasound image of the left flank showing complex fluid (asterisks) with multiple septa (arrowheads) surrounding the collapsed bowel loops (arrow). C) Axial unenhanced computed tomography showing intraventricular location of the shunt (arrow) with no hydrocephalus.
- Figure 6
An algorithm that summarizes the approach for patient with abdominal CSF pseudocyst.
Tables
Laboratory Results Normal range White blood counts 8.66 K U/L 4.5-11.5 K U/L Aspartate transaminase 17 U/L 15-37 U/L Alanine aminotransferase 16 U/L 12-78 U/L Alkaline phosphatase 160 U/L 54-128 U/L Bilirubin - total 4.0 g/L 0-17 g/L Albumin 30 g/L 40.2-47.6 g/L Cerebrospinal fluid protein 15.06 g/L (high) 0.2-0.4 g/L Cerebrospinal fluid glucose 4.6 mmol/L (high) 2.3-4.1 mmol/L Cerebrospinal fluid bacterial & fungal culture Negative C-reactive protein 11.5 mg/L (High) 0-3 mg/L Laboratory Results Normal range White blood counts 17 K U/L 4.5-11.5 K U/L Aspartate transaminase 339 U/L 15-37 U/L Alanine aminotransferase 215 U/L 12-78 U/L Alkaline phosphatase 138 U/L 54-128 U/L Bilirubin - total 5 g/L 0-17 g/L Albumin 34 g/L 40.2-47.6 g/L Cerebrospinal fluid protein 0.32 g/L 0.2-0.4 g/L Cerebrospinal fluid glucose 3.0 mmol/L 2.3-4.1 mmol/L Cerebrospinal fluid bacterial & fungal culture Positive C-reactive protein 4.34 mg/L 0-3 mg/L
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