Incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes of hemorrhagic transformation in patients with ischemic stroke admitted to a tertiary hospital in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Article Figures & Data

Table 1

Demographics and baseline characteristics of patients with HT.

Variables	Patients with HT (n=38) n(%)
Demographic variables
Gender
Male	24 (63.2)
Female	14 (36.8)
Nationality
Saudi	28 (73.7)
Non-Saudi	10 (26.3)
Age
Median (IQR)	66.5 (54.3 -77.5)
Stroke severity scores at admission
NIHSS
Median (IQR)	10.0 (5.0 - 14.2)
GCS
Median (IQR)	14.5 (13.0 - 15.0)
Risk factors
HTN	28 (73.7)
DM	25 (65.8)
Hyperlipidemia	24 (63.2)
IHD^*	23 (60.5)
Previous stroke	17 (44.7)
A-Fib	14 (36.8)
Smoking	12 (31.6)
CHF^{^†}	5 (13.2)
Previous TIA^{^‡}	3 (7.9)
Alcohol use	1 (2.6)
Ischemic etiology
Cardio-embolic	21 (55.3)
Large artery disease	2 (5.3)
Small artery disease lacunar	1 (2.6)
Other	1 (2.6)
Unknown	13 (34.2)
Medications prior to hospitalization
Antiplatelet	19 (50)
Dual Antiplatelet	18 (47.4)
Anticoagulation	5 (13.2)
Lipid-lowering agents	10 (26.3)
Antihypertensive drug	26 (86.4)
Hypoglycemic drug	16 (42.1)

Table 2

Vital signs and lab findings of patients with HT at admission.

Vital Signs	Patients with HT(n=38)
Systolic BP^* (mmHg)
Median (IQR)	136.0 (126.0–152.7)
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
Median (IQR)	73.5 (67.7–86.5)
Random Blood Glucose (mg/dl)
Median (IQR)	163.5 (116.2–279.5)
Lab results of the patients with HT at admission
Lab results	Patients with HT(n=38)
Triglyceride (mg/dL)
Median (IQR)	104 (77- 184.5)
Cholesterol in LDL^{^†} (mg/dL)
Median (IQR)	94.9 (73.7 - 123.2)
Cholesterol (mg/dL)
Median (IQR)	157.6 (126.0 - 199.0)
PT^{^‡} (sec)
Median (IQR)	13.6 (12.3 - 14.4)
PTT^{^§} (sec)
Median (IQR)	32 (28.8 - 33.9)
INR^{^§§}
Median (IQR)	1 (1- 1.2)
Platelet (109/L)
Median (IQR)	239 (198.5 - 277.2)

Table 3

Radiological feature in patients with HT.

Table 4

Management parameters and prescribed medications for patients with HT.

Variables	Patients with HT(n=38) n (%)
Management parameters
tPA	9 (23.7)
Endovascular therapy	6 (15.8)
ICU admission	25 (65.8)
Intubation	5 (13.2)
Foley catheter	18 (47.4)
Medication during hospitalization before HT
Antiplatelet	37 (97.4)
DVT prophylactic	34 (89.5)
Anticoagulation	11 (28.9)
Lipid-lowering agents	36 (94.7)
Antihypertensive drug	31 (81.6)
Hypoglycemic drug	18 (47.7)

Table 5

Complications and outcomes data among HT.

Variables	Patients with HT(n=38)
Complications during hospitalization
Pulmonary embolism	1 (2.6)
Pneumonia	2 (5.3)
Epileptic seizure	5 (13.2)
Depression	7 (18.4)
DVT	2 (5.3)
Stroke Severity scores at discharge
NIHSS at discharge
Median (IQR)	5 (3 - 10.2)
Length of stay
<=1 weeks	11 (28.9)
8–14 days	10 (26.3)
>2 weeks	17 (40.7)
Outcome
Improved	34 (89.4)
Transferred to another facility	2 (5.2)
DAMA^*	1 (2.6)
Death	1 (2.6)
Drop in NIHSS 4 points	5 (13.2)