Public knowledge and awareness of stroke among adult population in Taif city, Saudi Arabia

Adnan A. Mubaraki; Adel S. Alqahtani; Abdullatif A. Almalki; Ahmed H. Almalki; Hamdan M. Alamri; Mishaal K. Aburass; Zeyad H. Althumali

doi:10.17712/nsj.2021.4.20210057

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Table 1

- Relationship between knowledge and sociodemographic characteristics.

Characteristics	n (%)	Knowledge			P-value (X²)
Characteristics	n (%)	Good	Fair n (%)	Poor	P-value (X²)
Total sample	3456 (100.0)	300 (8.7)	746 (21.6)	2410 (69.7)
Age
15-39	2477 (71.7)	241 (9.7)	520 (21.0)	1716 (69.3)	0.002 (17.367)
40-59	894 (25.9)	52 (5.8)	214 (23.9)	628 (70.2)
60 or older	85 (2.5)	7 (8.2)	12 (14.1)	66 (77.6)
Gender
Male	1508 (43.6)	167 (11.1)	327 (21.7)	1014 (67.2)	<0.001 (20.055)
Female	1948 (56.4)	133 (6.8)	419 (21.5)	1396 (71.7)	<0.001 (20.055)
Marital status
Married	1444 (41.8)	92 (6.4)	325 (22.5)	1027 (71.1)	<0.001 (16.899)
Unmarried	2012 (58.2)	208 (10.3)	421 (20.9)	1383 (68.7)	<0.001 (16.899)
Nationality
Saudi	3327 (96.3)	288 (8.7)	726 (21.8)	2313 (69.5)	0.231 (2.929)
Not Saudi	129 (3.7)	12 (9.3)	20 (15.5)	97 (75.2)	0.231 (2.929)
Education
High school or lower	1063 (30.8)	53 (5.0)	230 (21.6)	780 (73.4)	<0.001 (27.066)
Bachelor or higher education	2393 (69.2)	247 (10.3)	516 (21.6)	1630 (68.1)	<0.001 (27.066)
Occupation
Employed	1053 (30.5)	87 (8.3)	227 (21.6)	739 (70.2)	<0.001 (26.615)
Unemployed	711 (20.6)	32 (4.5)	148 (20.8)	531 (74.7)
Student	1692 (49.0)	181 (10.7)	371 (21.9)	1140 (67.4)
Income
<5000	1942 (56.2)	158 (8.1)	399 (20.5)	1385 (71.3)	0.114 (7.449)
5000-10000	604 (17.5)	51 (8.4)	132 (21.9)	421 (69.7)
>10000	910 (26.3)	91 (10.0)	215 (23.6)	604 (66.4)
Smoking
Absent	2919 (84.5)	236 (8.1)	642 (22.0)	2041 (69.9)	0.010 (9.222)
Present	537 (15.5)	64 (11.9)	104 (19.4)	369 (68.7)	0.010 (9.222)
Chronic disease
Absent	2996 (86.7)	259 (8.6)	638 (21.3)	2099 (70.1)	0.533 (1.257)
Present	460 (13.3)	41 (8.9)	108 (23.5)	311 (67.6)	0.533 (1.257)

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Table 2

- Knowledge related to different risk factors and symptoms of stroke by gender.

Definition and cause, risk factors, and symptoms	Correct responses by gender	Total correct responses	P-value
Definition and cause, risk factors, and symptoms	n (%)		P-value
Stroke is a medical emergency	M: 1276 (84.6) F: 1717 (88.1)	2993 (86.6)	0.003
Definition of stroke	M: 1230 (81.6) F: 1717 (88.1)	2895 (83.8)	0.002
Type of strokes	M: 344 (22.8) F: 427(21.9)	2600 (75.2)	0.532
The most common type of stroke is ischemic stroke	M: 892 (59.2) F: 1212 (62.2)	2104 (60.9)	0.067
Diabetes is a risk factor for stroke	M: 705 (46.8) F: 764 (39.2)	1469 (42.5)	<0.001
Hypertension is a risk factor for stroke	M: 1085 (71.9) F: 1420 (72.9)	2505 (72.5)	0.537
Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for stroke	M: 1028 (68.2) F: 1131 (58.1)	2159 (62.5)	<0.001
Epilepsy is a risk factor for stroke	M: 511 (33.9) F: 692 (35.5)	1203 (34.8)	0.316
Heart disease is a risk factor for stroke	M: 829 (55.0) F: 1026 (52.7)	1855 (53.7)	0.178
Family history for stroke consider a risk factor for stroke	M: 655 (43.4) F: 871 (44.7)	1526 (44.2)	0.453
Incidence of stroke increase at age 65 years and older	M: 1085 (71.9) F: 1411 (72.4)	2496 (72.2)	0.753
Unhealthy lifestyle increase the incidence of stroke	M: 1252 (83.0) F: 1667 (85.6)	2919 (84.5)	0.040
Hemi-paralysis	M: 714 (47.3) F: 870 (44.7)	1584(45.8)	0.116
Weakness or numbness of one limb	M: 701 (46.5) F: 859 (44.1)	1560 (45.1)	0.162
Weakness or numbness of the face	M: 587 (38.9) F: 741 (38.0)	1328 (38.4)	0.595
Slurred speech	M: 844 (56.0) F: 1142 (58.6)	1986 (57.5)	0.117
Severe headache	M: 621 (41.2) F: 865 (44.4)	1486 (43)	0.058
Trouble seeing	M: 540 (35.8) F: 801 (41.1)	1341 (38.8)	0.001
Imbalance	M: 680 (45.1) F: 1019 (52.3)	1699 (49.2)	<0.001
Confusion	M: 639 (42.4) F: 941 (48.3)	1580 (45.7)	0.001
Dizziness	M: 520 (34.5) F: 731 (37.5)	1251 (36.2)	0.065

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Table 3

- Knowledge related to prevention and treatment of stroke by gender.

Knowledge	Responses by geder	Total responses	P-value
Knowledge	Correct, n(%)		P-value
Response when seeing a patient going through stroke	M: 1336 (88.6) F: 1814 (93.1)	3150 (91.1)	0.033
Is there any current treatment for stroke?	M: 616 (40.8) F: 818 (42.0)	1434 (41.5)	0.499
Early medical intervention will prevent severe disability following stroke	M: 1283 (85.1) F: 1744 (89.5)	3027(87.6)	<0.001
A fully recovery from stroke is possible	M: 747 (49.5) F: 854(43.8)	1601(46.3)	0.002
Is stroke a preventable disease?	M: 692 (45.9) F: 780 (40.0)	1472 (42.6)	0.001
Stroke could be prevented by controlling blood pressure	M: 533 (35.3) F: 643 (33.0)	1176(34)	0.150
Stroke could be prevented by controlling blood sugar	M: 461 (30.6) F: 503 (25.8)	964(27.9)	0.002
Stroke could be prevented by controlling blood cholesterol	M: 510 (33.8) F: 561 (28.8)	1071(31)	0.001
Stroke could be prevented by quitting smoking	M: 520 (34.5) F: 584 (30.0)	1104(31.9)	0.005
Stroke could be prevented by doing regular exercise and eating healthy diet	M: 573 (38.0) F: 648 (33.3)	1221(35.3)	0.004
Stroke could be prevented by controlling using of blood thinner	M: 411 (27.3) F: 441 (22.6)	852(24.7)	0.002