Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
- The EDSS classification. EDSS - Expanded Disability Status Scale
- Figure 2
- Correlation (Pearson-r) between anxiety and depression score.
Tables
Study data n (%) Age group in years 18 – 35 years 117 (35.7) 36 – 45 years 126 (38.4) >45 years 85 (25.9) Gender Male 100 (30.5) Female 228 (69.5) Nationality Saudi 324 (98.8) Non-Saudi 4 (1.2) Marital Status Single 53 (16.2) Married 244 (74.4) Divorced or Widowed 31 (9.5) Educational level Primary school 3 (0.90) High school 107 (32.6) Bachelor degree 198 (60.4) Master or PhD 20 (6.1) Number of cohabiting members One adult 14 (4.3) A couple with one child younger than 16 years old 77 (23.5) Several adults are older than 16 years with one child younger than 16 years old 237 (72.3) Job status Civilian 292 (89.0) Military 36 (11.0) Monthly salary in SAR <2,000 80 (24.4) 2,000 – 5,000 60 (18.3) 5,001 – 10,000 68 (20.7) >10,000 120 (36.6) Type of MS Primary 6 (1.8) Secondary 37 (11.3) RIS 5 (1.5) CIS 22 (6.7) Relapsing-remitting 258 (78.7) Duration of MS ≤10 years 192 (58.5) >10 years 136 (41.5) RIS - radiologic isolated syndrome, CIS - clinical isolated syndrome
HADS dimension n (%) HADS-Anxiety (mean ± SD) 7.02±3.43 Level of anxiety Anxiety (Score >7) 129 (42.9) No anxiety (Score ≤7) 172 (57.1) HADS-Depression (mean ± SD) 8.79±3.36 Level of depression Depression (Score >7) 177 (58.8) No depression (≤7) 124 (41.2) *Patients who had RIS and CIS were excluded from the assessment of mental disorders, HADS - Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
- Table 3
- Relationship between the level of anxiety and depression in regards to the socio demographic characteristics of the MS patients (n=301).
Factors Anxiety Depression Yes No Yes No (n=129) (n=172) (n=177) (n=124) n (%) Age group in years ≤40years 80 (62.0) 89 (51.7) 102 (57.6) 67 (54.0) >40 years 49 (38.0) 83 (48.3) 75 (42.4) 57 (46.0) P-value 0.076 0.536 Gender Male 27 (20.9) 67 (39.0) 50 (28.2) 44 (35.5) Female 102 (79.1) 105 (61.0) 127 (71.8) 80 (64.5) P-value 0.001 ** 0.182 Marital Status Unmarried 30 (23.3) 46 (26.7) 45 (25.4) 31 (25.0) Married 99 (76.7) 126 (73.3) 132 (74.6) 93 (75.0) P-value 0.491 0.934 Educational level High school or below 54 (41.9) 46 (26.7) 68 (38.4) 32 (25.8) Bachelor or higher 75 (58.1) 126 (73.3) 109 (61.6) 92 (74.2) P-value 0.006 ** 0.022 ** Number of family members Couple and 1 child (<16 years)/One adult 35 (27.1) 50 (29.1) 50 (28.2) 35 (28.2) Several adults with 1 child (<16 years) 94 (72.9) 122 (70.9) 127 (71.8) 89 (71.8) P-value 0.712 0.997 Monthly salary in SAR ≤5,000 63 (48.8) 64 (37.2) 79 (44.6) 48 (38.7) >5,000 66 (51.2) 108 (62.8) 98 (55.4) 76 (61.3) P-value 0.043 ** 0.306 Type of MS Primary 05 (03.9) 01 (0.60) 06 (03.4) 0 Secondary 15 (11.6) 22 (12.8) 20 (11.3) 17 (13.7) Relapsing-remitting 109 (84.5) 149 (86.6) 151 (85.3) 107 (86.3) P-value 0.127 0.102 Duration of MS ≤10 years 70 (54.3) 101 (58.7) 97 (54.8) 74 (59.7) >10 years 59 (45.7) 71 (41.3) 80 (45.2) 50 (40.3) P-value 0.440 0.401 Disability index Normal 77 (59.7) 129 (75.0) 113 (63.8) 93 (75.0) Partial to severe disability 52 (40.3) 43 (25.0) 64 (36.2) 31 (25.0) P-value 0.005 ** 0.040 ** P-value has been calculated using Chi-square test, **Significant at p<0.05 level, MS - Multiple sclerosis
- Table 4
- Multivariate regression analysis to determine the factor associated with anxiety and depression (n=301).
Anxiety AOR 95% CI P-value Gender Male Ref Female 2.36 1.37 – 4.07 0.002 ** Educational level High school or below Ref Bachelor or higher 0.51 0.31 – 0.86 0.011 ** Monthly salary (SAR) ≤5,000 Ref >5,000 0.68 0.42 – 1.12 0.126 Disability index Normal Ref Partial to severe disability 1.86 1.11 – 3.11 0.018 ** Depression Educational level High school or below Ref Bachelor or higher 0.55 0.33 – 0.91 0.019 ** Disability index Normal Ref Partial to severe disability 1.74 1.04 – 2.91 0.035 ** AOR- Adjusted odds ratio; CI-Confidence Interval.** Significant at p<0.05 level.
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