The relationship between serum cystatin C levels and Hughes motor scale in Guillain-Barré syndrome

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Figure 1
- The serum cysC value in Mild group vs. severe group.
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Figure 2
- Area under the ROC curve.

Table 1

- Baseline characteristics and factors affecting GBS severity.

Variables	Total (n=101)	Mild group (HMS≤3) (n=75)	Severe group (HMS>3) (n=26)	P-value
Variables	n (%)
Age (mean ± sd)	50.61±1.74	49.04±2.00	55.15±3.39		0.124
Male	59(58.4)	43(57.3)	16(61.5)		0.708
*Season*
Spring	21(20.8)	15(20.0)	6(23.1)	0.280
Summer	31(30.7)	21(28.0)	10(38.5)
Autumn	19(18.8)	13(17.3)	6(23.1)
Winter	30(29.7)	26(34.7)	4(15.4)
*Precursor events*
Diarrhea	16(15.8)	10(13.3)	6(23.1)	0.389
Upper respiratory tract infection	31(30.7)	21(28.0)	10(38.5)	0.319
Facial palsy	16(15.8)	12(16.0)	4(15.4)	0.984
Bulbar palsy	12(11.9)	8(10.7)	4(15.4)	0.773
Respiratory muscle palsy	19(18.8)	3(4.0)	16(61.5)	<0.001^#
Numbness or pain in the limbs	43(42.6)	36(48.0)	7(26.9)	0.061
Urinary and fecal disorders	5(5.0)	4(5.3)	1(3.8)	0.409
Weakened or disappeared tendon reflexes	87(86.1)	63(84)	24(92.3)	0.467
Time to peak deficit (days), median (IQR)	7(4-10)	9(5-14)	5(2-5)	<0.001^#
Hyponatremia	17(17.2)	7(9.6)	10(38.5)	0.002^#
Serum cysC (mg/l), median (IQR)	0.86(0.77-1.02)	0.81(0.76-0.95)	0.98(0.85-1.20)	0.00⁴#
Anti-ganglioside antibody	7(38.9)	7(41.2)	0(0.0)	1.000
*Electrophysiology*
Demyelinating variety	57(63.3)	49(68.1)	8(44.4)	0.063
Axonal variety	24(26.7)	14(19.4)	10(55.6)	0.005^#
F wave abnormality	75(83.3)	56(86.2)	19(95.0)	0.498
Conduction block	22(24.4)	20(27.8)	2(11.1)	0.244
CSF protein (mg/dl), median (IQR)	0.74(0.49-1.09)	0.74(0.47-0.97)	0.89(0.58-1.34)	0.225
IVIG therapy	76(75.2)	51(68.0)	25(96.2)	0.004^#
Ventilatory support	14(13.9)	0(0.0)	14(53.8)	<0.001^#

Table 3

- Logistic regression analysis of the Hughes motor scale and various factors.

Variables	B	S.E.	Wald	p	Exp(B)	95%Confidence interval
Variables	B	S.E.	Wald	p	Exp(B)	Lower limit	Upper limit
Respiratory muscle palsy	-4.611	1.532	9.052	0.003^#	0.010	0.000	0.200
Time to peak deficit	-0.377	0.158	5.665	0.017*	0.686	0.503	0.936
Axonal variety	-1.438	1.008	2.034	0.154	0.237	0.033	1.713
Serum cysC	0.495	0.283	3.068	0.045*	1.641	1.043	2.854
Serum sodium	-0.244	0.100	5.902	0.015*	0.784	0.644	0.954
Constant	34.547	14.107	5.997	0.014	12.096