Changes in routine blood parameters of patients with generalized tonic clonic seizure: a retrospective study

Jiankang Huang; Jun Yang; Jiali Miao; Hongbo Wen

doi:10.17712/nsj.2023.2.20220135

References

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2. Kirkpatrick M,
3. Lin K,
4. Fernando SMS,
5. French JA,
6. Jehi L, et al.
What is a clinical practice guideline? A roadmap to their development. Special report from the Guidelines Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia 2022; 63: 1920–1929.
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GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018; 392:1789–1858.
3.↵
1. Mela A,
2. Staniszewska A,
3. Wrona W,
4. Poniatowski ŁA,
5. Jaroszyński J,
6. Niewada M.
The direct and indirect costs of epilepsy in Poland estimates for 2014-2016 years. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2019; 19: 353–362.
4.↵
1. Alva-Díaz C,
2. Navarro-Flores A,
3. Rivera-Torrejon O,
4. Huerta-Rosario A,
5. Molina RA,
6. Velásquez-Rimachi V, et al.
Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies. Epilepsia 2021; 62: 984–996.
5.↵
1. Nishida T,
2. Lee SK,
3. Wu T,
4. Tiamkao S,
5. Dash A.
Efficacy and safety of perampanel in generalized and focal to bilateral tonicclonic seizures: a comparative study of Asian and non-Asian populations. Epilepsia 2019; 60: 47–59.
6.↵
1. Balestrini S,
2. Arzimanoglou A,
3. Blümcke I,
4. Scheffer IE,
5. Wiebe S, et al.
The aetiologies of epilepsy. Epileptic Disord 2021; 23:1–16.
7.↵
1. Kodankandath TV,
2. Theodore D,
3. Samanta D.
Generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022.
8.↵
1. Zhang Y,
2. Huang G,
3. Liu M,
4. Li M,
5. Wang Z,
6. Wang R, et al.
Functional and structural connective disturbance of the primary and default network in patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Epilepsy Res 2021; 174:106595.
9.↵
1. Gao H,
2. Sander JW,
3. Xiao Y,
4. Zhang Y,
5. Zhou D.
A comparison between the 1981 and 2017 International League Against Epilepsy classification of seizure types based on an outpatient setting. Epileptic Disord 2018; 20: 257–264.
10.↵
1. El Atrache R,
2. Tamilia E,
3. Amengual-Gual M,
4. Mohammadpour Touserkani F,
5. Yang Y,
6. Wang X, et al.
Association between semiologic, autonomic, and electrographic seizure characteristics in children with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 122: 108228.
11.↵
1. Gursahani R,
2. Gupta N.
The adolescent or adult with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2012; 15: 81–88.
12.
1. Driscoll J,
2. Almas M,
3. Gregorian G,
4. Kyrychenko A,
5. Makedonska I,
6. Liu J, et al.
Pregabalin as adjunctive therapy in adult and pediatric patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Epilepsia open 2021; 6: 381–393.
13.↵
1. Kaur S,
2. Garg R,
3. Aggarwal S,
4. Chawla SPS,
5. Pal R.
Adult onset seizures: Clinical, etiological, and radiological profile. J Family Med Prim Care 2018; 7: 191–197.
14.↵
1. Pack AM.
Epilepsy Overview and Revised Classification of Seizures and Epilepsies. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2019; 25: 306–321.
15.↵
1. Kamenetz Y,
2. Beloosesky Y,
3. Zeltzer C,
4. Gotlieb D,
5. Magazanik A,
6. Fishman P, et al.
Relationship between routine hematological parameters, serum IL-3, IL-6 and erythropoietin and mild anemia and degree of function in the elderly. Aging (Milano) 1998; 10: 32–38.
16.
1. Joosten E.
Iron deficiency anemia in older adults: A review. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 373–379.
17.↵
1. Zhou D,
2. Xu P,
3. Peng M,
4. Shao X,
5. Wang M,
6. Ouyang J, et al.
Pre-treatment red blood cell distribution width provides prognostic information in multiple myeloma. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 481: 34–41.
18.↵
1. Salci H,
2. Catik S,
3. Salci ESO,
4. Ozakin C.
Peritoneal fluid analysis of the newborn calves with intestinal atresia - a clinical approach. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 2019;47: 1–9.
19.↵
1. Elshazli RM,
2. Toraih EA,
3. Elgaml A,
4. El-Mowafy M,
5. El-Mesery M,
6. Amin MN, et al.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of hematological and immunological markers in COVID-19 infection: A meta-analysis of 6320 patients. PloS one 2020; 15: e0238160.
20.↵
1. Amabile MI,
2. De Luca A,
3. Tripodi D,
4. D’Alberti E,
5. Melcarne R,
6. Imbimbo G, et al.
Effects of inositol hexaphosphate and myo-inositol administration in breast cancer patients during adjuvant chemotherapy. J Pers Med 2021; 11: 756.
21.↵
1. Schavgoulidze A,
2. Cazaubiel T,
3. Perrot A,
4. Avet-Loiseau H,
5. Corre J.
Multiple myeloma: Heterogeneous in every way. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13: 1285.
22.↵
1. Lao X,
2. Ma L,
3. Ma Q,
4. Ma Q,
5. Yang Z,
6. Guo L, et al.
Hematological factors associated with immunity, inflammation, and metabolism in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Data from a Zhuang cohort in Southwest China. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34: e23211.
23.
1. Gheissari A,
2. Dehghan B,
3. Ghaed Sharafi B,
4. Abedini A,
5. Merrikhi A,
6. Madihi Y, et al.
Importance of mean platelet volume in predicting cardiac mechanics parameters and carotid-intima media thickness in children with end-stage renal disease and comparison with healthy children. Ther Apher Dial 2019; 23: 451–459.
24.↵
1. Gijsberts CM,
2. den Ruijter HM,
3. de Kleijn DPV,
4. Huisman A,
5. Ten Berg M,
6. de Groot M, et al.
Hematological parameters outperform plasma markers in predicting long-term mortality after coronary angiography. Angiology 2018; 69: 600–608.
25.↵
1. Song M,
2. Graubard BI,
3. Rabkin CS,
4. Engels EA.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mortality in the United States general population. Scientific reports 2021; 11: 464.
26.↵
1. Afsin H,
2. Aktas G.
Platelet to Lymphocyte and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratios are useful in differentiation of thyroid conditions with normal andincreased uptake. Ethiop J Health Dev 2021; 35: 149–153.
27.↵
1. Aktas G,
2. Duman TT,
3. Atak BM,
4. Kurtkulagi O,
5. Bilgin S,
6. Basaran E, et al.
Irritable bowel syndrome is associated with novel inflammatory markers derived from hemogram parameters. Fam Med Prim Care Rev 2020; 22: 107–110.
28.↵
1. Bilgin S,
2. Aktas G,
3. Kocak MZ,
4. Atak BM,
5. Kurtkulagi O,
6. Duman TT, et al.
Association between novel inflammatory markers derived from hemogram indices and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetic men. Aging Male 2020; 23: 923–927.
29.↵
1. Khalid A,
2. Jaffar MA,
3. Khan T,
4. Lail RA,
5. Ali S,
6. Aktas G, et al.
Hematological and biochemical parameters as diagnostic and prognostic markers in SARS-COV-2 infected patients of Pakistan: a retrospective comparative analysis. Hematology 2021; 26: 529–542.
30.↵
1. Güneş M,
2. Büyükgöl H.
Relationship between generalized epileptic seizure and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, and neutrophil mediated inflammation. Int J Neurosci 2020; 130: 1095–100.
31.↵
1. Tazeen S,
2. Prasad K,
3. Harish K,
4. Sagar P,
5. Kapali AS,
6. Chandramouli S.
Assessment of Pretreatment Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio in Prognosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 78: 949–960.
32.↵
1. Li Y,
2. Qin B,
3. Chen Q,
4. Chen J.
Altered dynamic functional network connectivity within default mode network of epileptic children with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Epilepsy Res 2022; 184: 106969.

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[1] 1.↵
Jetté N,
Kirkpatrick M,
Lin K,
Fernando SMS,
French JA,
Jehi L, et al.
What is a clinical practice guideline? A roadmap to their development. Special report from the Guidelines Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia 2022; 63: 1920–1929.

[2] Jetté N,

[3] Kirkpatrick M,

[4] Lin K,

[5] Fernando SMS,

[6] French JA,

[7] Jehi L, et al.

[8] 2.↵
GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018; 392:1789–1858.

[9] 3.↵
Mela A,
Staniszewska A,
Wrona W,
Poniatowski ŁA,
Jaroszyński J,
Niewada M.
The direct and indirect costs of epilepsy in Poland estimates for 2014-2016 years. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2019; 19: 353–362.

[10] Mela A,

[11] Staniszewska A,

[12] Wrona W,

[13] Poniatowski ŁA,

[14] Jaroszyński J,

[15] Niewada M.

[16] 4.↵
Alva-Díaz C,
Navarro-Flores A,
Rivera-Torrejon O,
Huerta-Rosario A,
Molina RA,
Velásquez-Rimachi V, et al.
Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies. Epilepsia 2021; 62: 984–996.

[17] Alva-Díaz C,

[18] Navarro-Flores A,

[19] Rivera-Torrejon O,

[20] Huerta-Rosario A,

[21] Molina RA,

[22] Velásquez-Rimachi V, et al.

[23] 5.↵
Nishida T,
Lee SK,
Wu T,
Tiamkao S,
Dash A.
Efficacy and safety of perampanel in generalized and focal to bilateral tonicclonic seizures: a comparative study of Asian and non-Asian populations. Epilepsia 2019; 60: 47–59.

[24] Nishida T,

[25] Lee SK,

[26] Wu T,

[27] Tiamkao S,

[28] Dash A.

[29] 6.↵
Balestrini S,
Arzimanoglou A,
Blümcke I,
Scheffer IE,
Wiebe S, et al.
The aetiologies of epilepsy. Epileptic Disord 2021; 23:1–16.

[30] Balestrini S,

[31] Arzimanoglou A,

[32] Blümcke I,

[33] Scheffer IE,

[34] Wiebe S, et al.

[35] 7.↵
Kodankandath TV,
Theodore D,
Samanta D.
Generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022.

[36] Kodankandath TV,

[37] Theodore D,

[38] Samanta D.

[39] 8.↵
Zhang Y,
Huang G,
Liu M,
Li M,
Wang Z,
Wang R, et al.
Functional and structural connective disturbance of the primary and default network in patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Epilepsy Res 2021; 174:106595.

[40] Zhang Y,

[41] Huang G,

[42] Liu M,

[43] Li M,

[44] Wang Z,

[45] Wang R, et al.

[46] 9.↵
Gao H,
Sander JW,
Xiao Y,
Zhang Y,
Zhou D.
A comparison between the 1981 and 2017 International League Against Epilepsy classification of seizure types based on an outpatient setting. Epileptic Disord 2018; 20: 257–264.

[47] Gao H,

[48] Sander JW,

[49] Xiao Y,

[50] Zhang Y,

[51] Zhou D.

[52] 10.↵
El Atrache R,
Tamilia E,
Amengual-Gual M,
Mohammadpour Touserkani F,
Yang Y,
Wang X, et al.
Association between semiologic, autonomic, and electrographic seizure characteristics in children with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 122: 108228.

[53] El Atrache R,

[54] Tamilia E,

[55] Amengual-Gual M,

[56] Mohammadpour Touserkani F,

[57] Yang Y,

[58] Wang X, et al.

[59] 11.↵
Gursahani R,
Gupta N.
The adolescent or adult with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2012; 15: 81–88.

[60] Gursahani R,

[61] Gupta N.

[62] 12.
Driscoll J,
Almas M,
Gregorian G,
Kyrychenko A,
Makedonska I,
Liu J, et al.
Pregabalin as adjunctive therapy in adult and pediatric patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Epilepsia open 2021; 6: 381–393.

[63] Driscoll J,

[64] Almas M,

[65] Gregorian G,

[66] Kyrychenko A,

[67] Makedonska I,

[68] Liu J, et al.

[69] 13.↵
Kaur S,
Garg R,
Aggarwal S,
Chawla SPS,
Pal R.
Adult onset seizures: Clinical, etiological, and radiological profile. J Family Med Prim Care 2018; 7: 191–197.

[70] Kaur S,

[71] Garg R,

[72] Aggarwal S,

[73] Chawla SPS,

[74] Pal R.

[75] 14.↵
Pack AM.
Epilepsy Overview and Revised Classification of Seizures and Epilepsies. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2019; 25: 306–321.

[76] Pack AM.

[77] 15.↵
Kamenetz Y,
Beloosesky Y,
Zeltzer C,
Gotlieb D,
Magazanik A,
Fishman P, et al.
Relationship between routine hematological parameters, serum IL-3, IL-6 and erythropoietin and mild anemia and degree of function in the elderly. Aging (Milano) 1998; 10: 32–38.

[78] Kamenetz Y,

[79] Beloosesky Y,

[80] Zeltzer C,

[81] Gotlieb D,

[82] Magazanik A,

[83] Fishman P, et al.

[84] 16.
Joosten E.
Iron deficiency anemia in older adults: A review. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 373–379.

[85] Joosten E.

[86] 17.↵
Zhou D,
Xu P,
Peng M,
Shao X,
Wang M,
Ouyang J, et al.
Pre-treatment red blood cell distribution width provides prognostic information in multiple myeloma. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 481: 34–41.

[87] Zhou D,

[88] Xu P,

[89] Peng M,

[90] Shao X,

[91] Wang M,

[92] Ouyang J, et al.

[93] 18.↵
Salci H,
Catik S,
Salci ESO,
Ozakin C.
Peritoneal fluid analysis of the newborn calves with intestinal atresia - a clinical approach. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 2019;47: 1–9.

[94] Salci H,

[95] Catik S,

[96] Salci ESO,

[97] Ozakin C.

[98] 19.↵
Elshazli RM,
Toraih EA,
Elgaml A,
El-Mowafy M,
El-Mesery M,
Amin MN, et al.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of hematological and immunological markers in COVID-19 infection: A meta-analysis of 6320 patients. PloS one 2020; 15: e0238160.

[99] Elshazli RM,

[100] Toraih EA,

[101] Elgaml A,

[102] El-Mowafy M,

[103] El-Mesery M,

[104] Amin MN, et al.

[105] 20.↵
Amabile MI,
De Luca A,
Tripodi D,
D’Alberti E,
Melcarne R,
Imbimbo G, et al.
Effects of inositol hexaphosphate and myo-inositol administration in breast cancer patients during adjuvant chemotherapy. J Pers Med 2021; 11: 756.

[106] Amabile MI,

[107] De Luca A,

[108] Tripodi D,

[109] D’Alberti E,

[110] Melcarne R,

[111] Imbimbo G, et al.

[112] 21.↵
Schavgoulidze A,
Cazaubiel T,
Perrot A,
Avet-Loiseau H,
Corre J.
Multiple myeloma: Heterogeneous in every way. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13: 1285.

[113] Schavgoulidze A,

[114] Cazaubiel T,

[115] Perrot A,

[116] Avet-Loiseau H,

[117] Corre J.

[118] 22.↵
Lao X,
Ma L,
Ma Q,
Ma Q,
Yang Z,
Guo L, et al.
Hematological factors associated with immunity, inflammation, and metabolism in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Data from a Zhuang cohort in Southwest China. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34: e23211.

[119] Lao X,

[120] Ma L,

[121] Ma Q,

[122] Ma Q,

[123] Yang Z,

[124] Guo L, et al.

[125] 23.
Gheissari A,
Dehghan B,
Ghaed Sharafi B,
Abedini A,
Merrikhi A,
Madihi Y, et al.
Importance of mean platelet volume in predicting cardiac mechanics parameters and carotid-intima media thickness in children with end-stage renal disease and comparison with healthy children. Ther Apher Dial 2019; 23: 451–459.

[126] Gheissari A,

[127] Dehghan B,

[128] Ghaed Sharafi B,

[129] Abedini A,

[130] Merrikhi A,

[131] Madihi Y, et al.

[132] 24.↵
Gijsberts CM,
den Ruijter HM,
de Kleijn DPV,
Huisman A,
Ten Berg M,
de Groot M, et al.
Hematological parameters outperform plasma markers in predicting long-term mortality after coronary angiography. Angiology 2018; 69: 600–608.

[133] Gijsberts CM,

[134] den Ruijter HM,

[135] de Kleijn DPV,

[136] Huisman A,

[137] Ten Berg M,

[138] de Groot M, et al.

[139] 25.↵
Song M,
Graubard BI,
Rabkin CS,
Engels EA.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mortality in the United States general population. Scientific reports 2021; 11: 464.

[140] Song M,

[141] Graubard BI,

[142] Rabkin CS,

[143] Engels EA.

[144] 26.↵
Afsin H,
Aktas G.
Platelet to Lymphocyte and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratios are useful in differentiation of thyroid conditions with normal andincreased uptake. Ethiop J Health Dev 2021; 35: 149–153.

[145] Afsin H,

[146] Aktas G.

[147] 27.↵
Aktas G,
Duman TT,
Atak BM,
Kurtkulagi O,
Bilgin S,
Basaran E, et al.
Irritable bowel syndrome is associated with novel inflammatory markers derived from hemogram parameters. Fam Med Prim Care Rev 2020; 22: 107–110.

[148] Aktas G,

[149] Duman TT,

[150] Atak BM,

[151] Kurtkulagi O,

[152] Bilgin S,

[153] Basaran E, et al.

[154] 28.↵
Bilgin S,
Aktas G,
Kocak MZ,
Atak BM,
Kurtkulagi O,
Duman TT, et al.
Association between novel inflammatory markers derived from hemogram indices and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetic men. Aging Male 2020; 23: 923–927.

[155] Bilgin S,

[156] Aktas G,

[157] Kocak MZ,

[158] Atak BM,

[159] Kurtkulagi O,

[160] Duman TT, et al.

[161] 29.↵
Khalid A,
Jaffar MA,
Khan T,
Lail RA,
Ali S,
Aktas G, et al.
Hematological and biochemical parameters as diagnostic and prognostic markers in SARS-COV-2 infected patients of Pakistan: a retrospective comparative analysis. Hematology 2021; 26: 529–542.

[162] Khalid A,

[163] Jaffar MA,

[164] Khan T,

[165] Lail RA,

[166] Ali S,

[167] Aktas G, et al.

[168] 30.↵
Güneş M,
Büyükgöl H.
Relationship between generalized epileptic seizure and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, and neutrophil mediated inflammation. Int J Neurosci 2020; 130: 1095–100.

[169] Güneş M,

[170] Büyükgöl H.

[171] 31.↵
Tazeen S,
Prasad K,
Harish K,
Sagar P,
Kapali AS,
Chandramouli S.
Assessment of Pretreatment Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio in Prognosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 78: 949–960.

[172] Tazeen S,

[173] Prasad K,

[174] Harish K,

[175] Sagar P,

[176] Kapali AS,

[177] Chandramouli S.

[178] 32.↵
Li Y,
Qin B,
Chen Q,
Chen J.
Altered dynamic functional network connectivity within default mode network of epileptic children with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Epilepsy Res 2022; 184: 106969.

[179] Li Y,

[180] Qin B,

[181] Chen Q,

[182] Chen J.

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Changes in routine blood parameters of patients with generalized tonic clonic seizure: a retrospective study

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