Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
- Pattern of NPSLE manifestations in SLE patients in Saudi Arabia 2021.
Tables
Study variables n (%) Age group 18 – 25 years 52 (25) 26 – 35 years 76 (36.5) 36 – 45 years 59 (28.4) >45 years 21 (10.1) Gender Male 18 (8.7) Female 190 (91.3) Nationality Saudi 180 (86.5) Non-Saudi 28 (13.5) Marital status Single 102 (49.0) Married 88 (42.3) Divorced 18 (08.7) Educational level Uneducated 06 (02.9) Primary 06 (02.9) Intermediate 06 (02.9) Secondary 37 (17.8) University 142 (68.3) Higher education 11 (05.3) Occupation Student 33 (15.9) Unemployed 118 (6.7) Employed 40 (19.2) Self-employed 9 (4.3) Retired 8 (03.8) Associated comorbidities Yes 98 (47.1) No 110 (52.9) SLE - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Variables n (%) Duration since diagnosed with SLE <1 year 22 (10.6) 1–3 years 54 (26.0) 4–6 years 47 (22.6) 7–10 years 32 (15.4) 11–15 years 26 (12.5) >15 years 27 (13.0) Family history of SLE Yes 27 (13.5) No 180 (86.5) Frequent headaches Yes 99 (8.1) No 108 (51.9) Time since the start of headaches (n=100) Before the onset of SLE symptoms 28 (29.0) Before the onset of SLE symptoms but increased severity afterward 17 (17.0) After the onset of SLE 54 (54.0) Knowledge about SLE symptoms No 89 (42.8) Yes, a few of them 100 (8.1) Yes, a lot of them 16 (7.7) Yes, all of them 03 (01.4) Sources of information regarding SLE symptoms* E-books and research 60 (50.4) Social media 58 (48.7) Treating doctor 43 (36.1) Friends and relatives 20 (16.8) Awareness campaigns 18 (16.0) Others 7 (05.9) ↵* Variable with multiple response answers, SLE - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Table 3
- Relationship between the level of NPSLE among the socio-demographic and other related characteristics of the patients. (n=208)
Factor NPSLE OR (95% CI) P-value AOR* (95% CI) P-value Yes (n=84) No (n=124) n (%) Age group ≤35 years 52 (61.9) 76 (61.3) Ref Ref >35 years 32 (38.1) 48 (38.7) 0.9 (0.6 – 1.7) 0.929 0.9 (0.4 – 1.8) 0.736 Marital status Never been married 42 (50.0) 60 (48.4) Ref Ref Been married 42 (50.0) 64 (51.6) 0.9 (0.5 – 1.6) 0.819 1.2 (0.6 – 2.5) 0.623 Educational level Secondary or below 20 (23.8) 35 (28.2) Ref Ref University or higher 64 (76.2) 89 (71.8) 1.3 (0.7 – 2.4) 0.479 1.3 (0.6 – 2.6) 0.468 Occupation Student 16 (19.0) 17 (13.7) Ref Ref Unemployed 46 (54.8) 80 (64.5) 0.9 (0.4 – 2.1) 0.749 0.6 (0.2 – 1.7) 0.372 Employed 22 (26.2) 27 (21.8) 1.4 (0.7 – 2.8) 0.308 1.3 (0.6 – 2.8) 0.434 Associated comorbidity Yes 47 (56.0) 51 (41.1) 1.8 (1.0 – 3.2) 0.036** 2.1 (1.2 – 3.8) 0.015** No 37 (44.0) 73 (58.9) Ref Ref Duration since diagnosed with SLE ≤6 years 51 (60.7) 72 (58.1) Ref Ref >6 years 33 (39.3) 52 (41.9) 0.9 (0.5 – 1.6) 0.703 0.9 (0.5 – 1.7) 0.739 Family history of SLE Yes 17 (20.2) 11 (08.9) 2.6 (1.2 – 5.9) 0.021** 3.2 (1.4 – 7.6) 0.008** No 67 (79.8) 113 (91.1) Ref Ref Knowledge about SLE symptoms Yes 52 (61.9) 67 (54.0) 1.4 (0.8 – 2.4) 0.261 1.3 (0.7 – 2.4) 0.363 No 32 (38.1) 57 (46.0) Ref Ref NPSLE – Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, SLE - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, OR – Odds Ratio (Crude OR),
↵* AOR – Adjusted Odds Ratio” age, marital status, educational level, occupation, duration since diagnosis with SLE, and knowledge about SLE symptoms”, CI – Confidence Interval
↵** Significant at p<0.05 level
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