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Tables
- Table 1
- Sociodemographic and other parameters of patients with dementia assessed for hearing loss.
Parameters Frequency (n = 143) (%) Sex Female 60 (42.0) Male 83 (58.0) Age (Years) Mean (SD) 74.5 (8.2) Range 60–97 Weight (Kg) Mean (SD) 69.7 (13.5) Range 33–100 Height (cm) Mean (SD) 159.7 (9.9) Range 106–181 BMI Underweight 9 (6.3) Normal 43 (30.1) Overweight 47 (32.9) Obese Class I 33 (23.1) Obese Class II 11 (7.7) Nationality Saudi 143 (100.0) Marital status Married 118 (82.5) Single 21 (14.7) History of smoking No 141 (98.6) Yes 2 (1.4) Need for caregiver No 45 (31.5) Yes 94 (65.7) - Table 2
- Prevalence of hearing loss, severity, and type of medications used in patients with dementia.
Parameters Frequency (n = 143) (%) Suffering from dementia No 16 (11.2) Yes 127 (88.8) Type of dementia Alzheimer’s disease 85 (59.4) Vascular 13 (9.1) Mixed 19 (13.3) Others 8 (5.6) Mean duration of memory loss (Years) Mean (SD) 4.1 (2.3) Range 1-13 Progression of dementia No 14 (9.8) Yes 106 (74.1) Medication used for dementia Cholinesterase Inhibitors 35 (24.5) Memantine 36 (25.2) Both 40 (28.0) Presence of hearing problem No 117 (81.8) Yes 26 (18.2) Complaints of Hearing problem Tinnitus 9 (6.3) Others 16 (11.2) Audiometry done or not No 118 (82.5) Yes 22 (15.4) Presence of hearing loss No 123 (86.0) Yes 21 (14.7) Type of hearing Loss Bilateral 20 (14.7) Severity of hearing Loss Mild to Moderate 10 (7.0) - Table 3
- Adjusted sociodemographic predictors of hearing loss among patients with dementia.
Parameters B Sig. Exp(B) 95% CI Lower Upper Age .038 .291 1.039 .968 1.115 Sex (Male) −1.546 .045* .213 .047 .964 Weight −.003 .945 .997 .919 1.082 Height .044 .400 1.045 .943 1.158 BMI −.071 .898 .931 .312 2.779 Marital Status (Married) 1.735 .123 5.669 .625 51.394 Smoking History −19.241 .999 .000 .000 . Constant −5.678 .457 .003 - Table 4
- Adjusted comorbidity-related predictors of hearing loss in patients with dementia.
Parameters B Sig. Exp(B) 95% CI Lower Upper Stroke .888 .118 2.430 .799 7.387 Diabetes .283 .685 1.327 .338 5.212 Head Trauma −18.641 .999 .000 .000 . Hypertension −.099 .888 .906 .229 3.578 Cardiac Disease −.846 .254 .429 .100 1.837 Pulmonary Disease −17.694 .999 .000 .000 . Psychiatric Disease 1.775 .035 5.901 1.132 30.750 Endocrine Disease 2.177 .008 8.819 1.765 44.055 Nephrology and Genitourinary Diseases 1.783 .037 5.947 1.116 31.683 Musculoskeletal Diseases 2.079 .052 7.998 .984 65.021 Neurological Diseases 1.644 .108 5.174 .696 38.472 Constant −3.303 .000 .037 - Table 5
- Adjusted sociodemographic predictors that predispose elderly patients to develop dementia.
Parameters B Sig. Exp(B) 95% CI Lower Upper Age .023 .543 1.023 .951 1.100 Sex (Male) .218 .783 1.244 .263 5.892 Weight −.025 .530 .975 .902 1.055 Height −.031 .558 .969 .873 1.076 BMI .130 .807 1.139 .402 3.223 Marital Status (Married) .144 .873 1.154 .198 6.724 Smoking History 19.530 .999 .000 .000 . Constant 6.546 .458 696.674 - Table 6
- Adjusted past comorbidity-related predictors that predispose elderly patients to develop dementia.
Parameters B Sig. Exp(B) 95% CI Lower Upper Stroke .185 .794 1.203 .301 4.811 Diabetes −.723 .378 .485 .097 2.420 Head Trauma 18.690 .999 .000 .000 . Hypertension .791 .334 2.206 .444 10.965 Cardiac Disease .527 .539 1.693 .316 9.070 Pulmonary Disease 18.996 .999 .000 .000 . Psychiatric Disease 1.069 .351 2.913 .309 27.512 Endocrine Disease 1.068 .358 2.910 .298 28.442 Nephrology and Genitourinary Diseases −.510 .545 .600 .115 3.129 Musculoskeletal Diseases .345 .787 1.412 .116 17.197 Neurological Diseases −.457 .628 .633 .100 4.022 Constant 1.635 .040 5.131
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