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Age min=15, max=105 Mean±SD 52.6243±14.8 Median 52 Factors n (%) Gender Female 74 (42.8) Male 99 (57.2) Nationality Saudi 99 (57.2) Non-Saudi 74 (42.8) Comorbidity Cardiac Disease 16 (9.2) Diabetes Mellitus 35 (20.2) Hypertension 69 (39.9) Chronic Kidney Disease 7 (4.0) Thyroid Disease 5 (2.9) Previous Stroke 3 (1.7) None 66 (38.2) Presentation n (%) Clinical feature Decrease in Level of Consciousness 2 (1.2) Dizziness 8 (4.6) Confusion 8 (4.6) Fatigue 5 (2.9) Loss of Consciousness 48 (27.7) Nausea/Vomiting 71 (41.0) Neck Pain 9 (5.2) Weakness 15 (8.7) Seizure 18 (10.4) Photophobia 21 (12.1) Visual Impairment 8 (4.6) Memory Loss 3 (1.7) Sensory Disturbance 5 (2.9) Prior History of Headache 25 (14.5) None 33 (19.1) Examination Pinpoint Pupils 11 (6.4) Comatosed 18 (10.4) Neck Stiffness 36 (20.8) Fever 4 (2.3) Hypertension 12 (6.9) Normal 73 (42.2) - Table 3
- Final diagnoses of patients with TCH and assessment of Patients Diagnosed with SAH. SAH - Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, ICH - Intracerebral Hemorrhage, SDH - Subdural Hematoma, ACA - Anterior Cerebral Artery, MCA-Middle Cerebral Artery, CT - Computed Tomography, ED -Emergency Department. n=173
Diagnosis n (%) Hemorrhagic Conditions (91.3%) SAH 148 (85.5) ICH 4 (2.3) SDH 6 (3.5) Aneurysms (3.5%) Basilar Fusiform Aneurysm 1 (0.6) Bilateral Saccular Aneurysm of ICA 1 (0.6) Non-ruptured Left ACA Aneurysm 3 (1.7) Non-ruptured Left MCA Aneurysm 1 (0.6) Vascular Malformations (2.9%) Vascular Malformation 5 (2.9) Other Conditions (2.3%) COVID-19 1 (0.6) Cerebral Venous Thrombosis 1 (0.6) Ischemic Stroke 1 (0.6) Ruptured Arachnoid Cyst 1 (0.6) Assessment of Patients Diagnosed with SAH (n=148) Criteria No Yes Was the CT requested within 6 hours of the patient’s ED arrival? 1 (0.7) 147 (99.3) Were the CT results reported within 6 hours of the patient’s ED arrival? 7 (4.7) 141 (95.3) Was the CT able to detect SAH? 1 (0.7) 147 (99.3) Patient’s outcome n (%) Death 12 (8.1) Recovery 132 (89.2) Unknown 4 (2.7) - Table 4
- Compliance with ICHD-3 Recommendations. ICHD-3 - International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd Edition; CTA - Computed Tomographic Angiography; MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging; LP - Lumbar Puncture. (n=173)
Compliance n (%) Details of Non-Compliance No 6 (3.5) Second Investigation CTA instead of LP: 5 MRI instead of LP: 1 Yes 167 (96.5) - Table 5
- Association of demographic characteristics with final diagnoses of TCH and SAH outcomes. TCH: Thunderclap Headache.
Association of demographic characteristics with final diagnoses of TCH (n=173) Age Final Diagnosis Aneurysms Hemorrhagic conditions Other conditions Vascular malformation F value Pr(>F) n (%) 6 (3.5) 158 (91.3) 4 (2.3) 5 (2.9) 1.8700 0.1365 Mean ± SD 48.7 ± 13 53.4 ± 14.6 40.75 ± 21.1 43.0 ± 13.75 Median 48.0 53.0 40.5 47.0 Min 30 15 22 22 Max 65 105 60 58 Gender n (%) Female 1 (1.35) 68 (91.9) 2 (2.7) 3 (4.05) 74 (100) 0.4999 Male 5 (5.05) 90 (90.9) 2 (2.0) 2 (2.0) 99 (100) Total 6 (3.5) 158 (91.3) 4 (2.3) 5 (2.9) 173 (100) Nationality Non-Saudi 3 (4.1) 70 (94.6) 0 1 (1.35) 74 (100) 0.2281 Saudi 3 (3.0) 88 (88.9) 4 (4.0) 4 (4.0) 99 (100) Total 6 (3.5) 158 (91.3) 4 (2.3) 5 (2.9) 173 (100) Association of demographic characteristics with SAH patient outcomes (n=148) Age Outcome Death Recovery Unknown F value Pr(>F) n (%) 12 (8.1) 132 (89.2) 4 (2.7) 1.7189 0.1829 Mean ± SD 49.1±19.0 53.0±13.7 64.5±23.3 Median 43.5 52.5 54.5 Min 22 15 50 Max 79 105 99 Gender Female 4 (6.0) 61 (91.0) 2 (3.0) 67 (100) 0.6793 Male 8 (9.9) 71 (87.65) 2 (2.5) 81 (100) Total 12 (8.1) 132 (89.2) 4 (2.7) 148 (100) Nationality Non-Saudi 5 (7.6) 58 (87.9) 3 (4.55) 66 (100) 0.4581 Saudi 7 (8.5) 74 (90.2) 1 (1.2) 82 (100) Total 12 (8.1) 132 (89.2) 4 (2.7) 148 (100)
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