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Case ReportCASE REPORTS
Open Access

Traumatic fat embolism syndrome

Tarig S. Al-Khuwaitir, Abdurahman M. Al-Moghairi, Sophia M. Sherbeeni and Hamed M. Subh
Neurosciences Journal January 2003, 8 (1) 60-64;
Tarig S. Al-Khuwaitir
Department of Internal Medicine, Riyadh Medical Complex, PO Box 3847, Riyadh 11481, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tel/Fax. +966 (1) 4783446. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abdurahman M. Al-Moghairi
Department of Internal Medicine, Riyadh Medical Complex, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Sophia M. Sherbeeni
Department of Internal Medicine, Riyadh Medical Complex, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Hamed M. Subh
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Riyadh Medical Complex, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Abstract

Traumatic fat embolism syndrome occurs most often following fractures of long bones sustained in road traffic accidents and is a common cause of medical consultation from the orthopedic surgery department. The sub-clinical presentation is subtle and expresses itself by the presence of hypoxemia, while the full clinical syndrome compromises respiratory insufficiency, an altered consciousness and a characteristic petechial rash. Recognition is simple once the patient is viewed in the context of his or her clinical setting. Diagnosis is aided further by the presence of hematological and biochemical abnormalities including anemia, thrombocytopenia, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and fat macroglobulinemia. Imaging by chest radiograph, computed tomography or magnetic resonance of the brain is used to confirm the extent of the respective organ involvement and to exclude alternative pathologies. The release of free fatty acids into the circulation and their subsequent effects is the key pathological event. Treatment is based on supportive care and high-dose corticosteroid therapy. We report a patient with traumatic fat embolism syndrome who developed the syndrome’s classical symptoms and signs following fracture of the long bones of his left lower leg. Admission to an intensive care unit, mechanical ventilatory support with positive end-expiratory pressure and corticosteroid therapy lead to his improvement and allowed eventual open reduction and internal fixation and discharge of our patient. Modern therapy offers a relatively good prognosis for patients with traumatic fat embolism syndrome; the optimal dose and timing of corticosteroid therapy in prophylaxis and treatment however, remain the subject of intense debate.

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Neurosciences is an Open Access journal and articles published are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC BY-NC). Readers may copy, distribute, and display the work for non-commercial purposes with the proper citation of the original work.

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Neurosciences Journal: 8 (1)
Neurosciences Journal
Vol. 8, Issue 1
1 Jan 2003
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Traumatic fat embolism syndrome
Tarig S. Al-Khuwaitir, Abdurahman M. Al-Moghairi, Sophia M. Sherbeeni, Hamed M. Subh
Neurosciences Journal Jan 2003, 8 (1) 60-64;

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Traumatic fat embolism syndrome
Tarig S. Al-Khuwaitir, Abdurahman M. Al-Moghairi, Sophia M. Sherbeeni, Hamed M. Subh
Neurosciences Journal Jan 2003, 8 (1) 60-64;
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© 2025 Neurosciences Journal Neurosciences is copyright under the Berne Convention and the International Copyright Convention. All rights reserved. Neurosciences is an Open Access journal and articles published are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC BY-NC). Readers may copy, distribute, and display the work for non-commercial purposes with the proper citation of the original work. Electronic ISSN 1658-3183. Print ISSN 1319-6138.

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