Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Shows the SF-36 domain scores for male and female multiple sclerosis patients.
Tables
Variables n (%) Gender Male 214 (35.8) Female 384 (64.2) Marital status Single 250 (41.8) Married 310 (51.8) Divorced 36 (6) Widower 2 (0.4) Education level Illiterate 4 (0.7) Primary 12 (2) Intermediate 28 (4.7) Secondary 140 (23.4) University 378 (63.2) Postgraduate 36 (6) Regions Southern 170 (28.4) Middle 150 (25.1) East 114 (19.1) North 28 (4.7) West 136 (22.7) Age (years), mean±SD [range] 32.4±8.4 [15-60] At disease onset, mean±SD [range] 26.9±7.6 [13-56] Disease duration (years), mean±SD 6.5±4.7 Number of admission, mean±SD 1.4±1.7 Number of attacks during last 2 years), mean±SD [range] 1.4±1.9 [0-14] Drug used now (n=558) Interferon beta-1b (Betaferon) 146 (26.2) Interferon beta-1a (Rebif) 114 (20.5) Interferon beta-1a (Avonex) 100 (17.9) Teriflunomide (Aubagio) 20 (3.6) Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera) 18 (3.2) Fingolimod (Gilenya) 108 (19.3) Natalizumab (Tysabri) 46 (8.2) Rituximab (Rituxan) 4 (0.7) Alemtuzumab (Lemetrada) 2 (0.5) Chronic diseases Frequency Percent (%) No comorbidity 444 (74.2) Associated chronic diseases 154 (25.8) Diabetes mellitus 39 (6.5) Hypertension 32 (5.3) Asthma 28 (4.7) Headache / migraine 27 (4.5) Depression 26 (4.3) Thyroid disease 18 (3.0) Anti-phospholipid syndrome 6 (1.0) Systemic lupus erythematosus 5 (0.8) Sjogren syndrome 2 (0.3) PF RP RE EF EW SF BP GH Mean 58.6 45.0 42.6 45.6 46.2 61.9 65.7 55.4 SD 28.8 41.2 43.3 20.2 18.2 25.8 24.7 17.3 R -0.640 -0.505 -0.253 -0.501 -0.244 -0.523 -0.475 -0.518 P-value 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 PF - Physical functioning, RP - Role limitations due to physical health, RE - Role limitations due to emotional problems, EF - Energy/fatigue, EW - Emotional well-being, SF - Social functioning, BP - Body pain, GH - General health, PDDS -Patient Determined Disease Steps, QOL - quality of life.
Subscales Single Married Divorced P-value Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Males PF 64.3 31.1 57.8 29.4 51.7 27.0 0.001 RP 56.5 40.7 44.0 41.3 33.3 34.2 0.001 RE 46.4 42.2 47.7 44.4 77.8 34.4 0.000 EF 51.7 21.3 47.9 19.5 41.7 11.3 0.116 EW 49.0 17.4 50.8 15.4 45.3 14.9 0.231 SF 67.9 25.2 62.3 25.7 54.2 17.1 0.119 BP 78.7 20.7 66.2 22.6 78.3 20.2 0.002 GH 57.5 18.9 52.6 15.9 43.3 18.1 0.089 Females PF 63.4 26.8 54.0 28.1 50.6 28.7 0.000 RP 50.6 38.5 35.8 41.3 45.3 46.0 0.004 RE 42.2 42.5 36.4 42.7 45.8 47.7 0.123 EF 48.2 18.3 40.7 20.8 36.9 17.4 0.282 EW 46.4 18.9 43.0 18.8 40.0 18.7 0.186 SF 63.3 24.5 58.2 26.4 55.5 29.8 0.008 BP 64.4 22.1 60.6 26.8 58.8 28.6 0.003 GH 58.9 17.0 53.2 16.9 57.2 18.4 0.002 Total PF 63.8 28.4 55.4 28.6 49.4 28.3 0.000 RP 52.8 39.3 38.9 41.4 43.1 45.4 0.000 RE 43.7 42.4 40.6 43.6 50 48.2 0.464 EF 49.5 19.5 43.4 20.6 38.1 16.9 0.000 EW 47.4 18.4 45.9 18 40.9 18.6 0.187 SF 65.2 24.8 60 26.1 55.1 28.7 0.014 BP 69.8 22.6 62.9 25.4 62.4 28.8 0.006 GH 58.4 17.7 53 16.5 54.4 19.2 0.004 PF - Physical functioning, RP - Role limitations due to physical health, RE - Role limitations due to emotional problems, EF - Energy/fatigue, EW - Emotional well-being, SF - Social functioning, BP - Body pain, GH - General health.
Education level PF RP RE EF EW SF BP GH Males Intermediate Mean 26.3 12.5 8.3 41.3 43.0 59.4 58.8 55.0 SD 21.2 23.1 15.4 16.6 20.4 28.9 9.4 21.0 Secondary Mean 67.1 44.1 47.1 44.1 47.5 62.5 68.4 52.4 SD 26.2 42.2 43.5 20.5 15.7 26.8 19.6 21.1 University Mean 59.3 49.4 47.1 50.3 50.2 63.9 71.8 53.9 SD 30.8 40.8 43.2 20.3 16.3 25.2 23.3 16.6 Postgraduate Mean 80.0 83.3 88.9 57.5 56.7 81.3 92.9 66.7 SD 14.5 28.9 26.0 16.4 12.9 18.1 8.6 10.3 P-value 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.116 0.231 0.119 0.002 0.089 Females Illiterate Mean 37.5 12.5 0.0 47.5 32.0 62.5 38.8 50.0 SD 26.0 14.4 0.0 26.0 13.9 14.4 21.7 11.5 Primary Mean 49.2 37.5 38.9 40.0 42.0 52.1 56.3 48.3 SD 31.8 47.1 46.8 35.3 19.0 24.3 34.0 22.1 Intermediate Mean 33.0 32.5 50.0 39.0 52.4 50.0 51.0 51.0 SD 29.1 36.4 46.5 16.2 15.0 38.0 31.9 16.0 Secondary Mean 54.0 34.4 32.7 40.6 42.0 55.0 57.5 52.2 SD 26.8 39.1 39.3 18.9 17.9 24.3 22.7 14.5 University Mean 62.2 45.9 41.9 44.9 44.9 62.6 65.0 57.7 SD 25.8 40.4 43.5 18.9 19.1 24.9 23.1 16.8 Postgraduate Mean 59.2 66.7 47.2 48.3 43.0 71.9 71.0 65.0 SD 36.3 48.2 49.1 25.0 22.9 27.6 35.2 25.1 P-value 0.000 0.004 0.123 0.282 0.186 0.008 0.003 0.002 Total Illiterate Mean 37.5 12.5 0.0 47.5 32.0 62.5 38.8 50.0 SD 26.0 14.4 0.0 26.0 13.9 14.4 21.7 11.5 Primary Mean 49.2 37.5 38.9 40.0 42.0 52.1 56.3 48.3 SD 31.8 47.1 46.8 35.3 19.0 24.3 34.0 22.1 Intermediate Mean 31.1 26.8 38.1 39.6 49.7 52.9 53.3 52.1 SD 26.9 34.0 44.2 16.0 16.8 35.4 27.5 17.3 Secondary Mean 57.1 36.8 36.2 41.4 43.3 57.0 60.3 52.2 SD 27.1 39.9 40.7 19.3 17.5 25.0 22.4 16.3 University Mean 61.0 47.4 44.1 47.2 47.2 63.4 68.0 56.1 SD 28.0 40.5 43.4 19.6 18.1 24.9 23.4 16.8 Postgraduate Mean 66.1 72.2 61.1 51.4 47.6 75.2 78.4 65.6 SD 32.1 43.0 46.8 22.7 21.0 24.9 30.7 21.2 P-value 0.000 0.000 0.021 0.016 0.127 0.001 0.000 0.002 PF - Physical functioning, RP - Role limitations due to physical health, RE - Role limitations due to emotional problems, EF - Energy/fatigue, EW - Emotional well-being, SF - Social functioning, BP - Body pain, GH - General health, SD - standard deviation.
Associated comorbidity PF RP RE EF EW SF BP GH Males Absent (n=176) Mean 62.1 50.6 47.7 50.0 49.3 64.9 73.4 55.4 SD 29.0 41.9 44.2 20.6 16.0 26.1 21.6 18.0 Present (n=38) Mean 52.6 42.1 49.1 46.6 52.6 62.5 64.9 50.0 SD 34.4 37.7 40.1 17.9 17.1 22.1 25.6 14.2 P-value 0.121 0.224 0.849 0.344 0.248 0.596 0.033 0.084 Females Absent (n=268) Mean 59.7 49.1 44.0 45.7 46.3 63.5 65.7 58.2 SD 28.9 42.0 42.9 19.3 17.5 24.7 24.6 16.8 Present (n=116) Mean 52.6 28.0 29.3 38.2 39.2 52.2 53.5 50.7 SD 25.2 34.9 41.7 20.5 21.0 27.2 24.4 17.2 P-value 0.015 <0.001 0.002 0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Total Absent (n=444) Mean 60.7 49.6 45.3 47.4 47.4 63.9 68.6 57.0 SD 28.9 41.9 43.3 19.9 17.0 25.3 23.8 17.4 Present (n=154) Mean 52.6 31.5 34.2 40.2 42.4 54.5 56.0 50.5 SD 27.6 36.0 42.1 20.3 20.9 26.6 25.4 16.6 P-value 0.002 <0.001 0.005 <0.001 0.008 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 PF - Physical functioning, RP - Role limitations due to physical health, RE - Role limitations due to emotional problems, EF - Energy/fatigue, EW - Emotional well-being, SF - Social functioning, BP - Body pain, GH - General health.
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