Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
- Minor side effects of VNS therapy.
- Figure 2
- Major side effects of VNS therapy.
Tables
- Table 1
- The Socio-demographic and other features of the patients who underwent VNS implantation (n=43).
Variables n (n=43) (%) Gender Female 17 (39.5) Male 26 (60.5) Age (Years) <10 Years 19 (44.2) 11–20 Years 13 (30.2) 21–30 years 3 (7.0) >30 Years 8 (18.6) Efficacy of VNS treatment No improvement 10 (23.3) Lower seizure frequency 30 (69.8) Seizure freedom 3 (7.0) Side effects Yes 29 (67.4) No 14 (32.6) Severe side effects No 35 (81.4) Yes 8 (18.6) ICU admission No 37 (86.0) Yes 6 (14.0) VNS- Vagus Nerve Stimulator, ICU - Intensive Care Unit
- Table 2
- Epilepsy-related features and investigations in patients who underwent vagus nerve stimulator (VNS) implantation (n=43).
Variables n (n=43) (%) Age of seizure onset < 3 Years 28 (65.1) 4-6 Years 11 (25.6) 7-9 Years 2 (4.7) >10 Years 2 (4.7) Classification of seizures Focal 9 (20.9) Generalized 34 (79.1) Type of generalized seizures Bilateral tonic clonic 17 (39.5) Tonic 20 (46.5) Myoclonic 14 (32.6) Atonic 13 (30.2) Absence 7 (16.3) Atypical absence 4 (9.3) Epileptic spasm 2 (4.7) Focal 8 (18.6) Etiology of epilepsy Anoxic ischemic injury 3 (7.0) Autoimmune (GAD65) 1 (2.3) Focal cortical dysplasia 1 (2.3) Genetic 7 (16.3) Heterotopia 2 (4.7) Intracerebral hemorrhage 1 (2.3) Ischemic stroke 1 (2.3) Meningoencephalitis 5 (11.6) Occipital calcification 1 (2.3) Unknown 21 (48.8) Prior surgery for epilepsy Corpus callosotomy 15 (34.9) Frontal disconnection 1 (2.3) Function hemispherectomy 1 (2.3) Post. quadrant disconnection 1 (2.3) Temporal lobectomy 1 (2.3) EEG Focal epileptiform discharges 9 (20.9) generalized and multifocal 34 (79.1) Brain MRI Normal 11 (25.5) Calcification 1 (2.3) Cerebral atrophy 7 (16.2) Encephalomalacia 10 (23.2) Focal cortical dysplasia 1 (2.3) Heterotopia 4 (9.3) Hippocampal atrophy 3 (6.9) Intracerebral hemorrhage 1 (2.3) Ischemic insult 1 (2.3) Leukodystrophy 1 (2.3) Polymicrogyria 1 (2.3) Schizencephaly 1 (2.3) Temporal lobectomy 1 (2.3) Vagus nerve stimulator parameters Frequency (n=43) VNS Device parameters Model Sentiva 1000 43(100) Output current (milliampere) Mean±SD 1.78±0.7 Range 0 to 2.7 Pulse width (microseconds) 250 43(100) On-Time (seconds) 30 43(100) Off-Time (minutes) 1.1 9(20.9) 3.0 5(11.6) 5.0 29(67.4) Frequency (Hertz) 20 43(100) Auto-Stimulations Output current ((milliampere) Mean±SD 1.35±0.78 Range 0 to 2.75 Pulse width (microseconds) 250 43(100) Duration (seconds) 30 9(20.9) 60 34(79.1) Threshold (percentage) Mean±SD 32.60 % (13.07%) Range 0 to 70 % Magnet Stimulations Output current ((milliampere) Mean±SD 2.00±0.83 Range 0 to 3 Pulse width (microseconds) 250 9(20.9) 500 34(79.1) Duration (seconds) 60 43(100)
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